Bronchogenic cyst surgery: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Bronchogenic cyst}} | {{Bronchogenic cyst}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JE}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for bronchogenic [[cyst]]. | |||
==Surgery== | |||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for bronchogenic [[cyst]] even when the patients are asymptomatic,<ref name="pmid31462259">{{cite journal| author=Yang X, Zong Y, Zhao HY, Wu YD, Ji M| title=Complete excision of esophageal bronchogenic cyst by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection: a case presentation. | journal=BMC Gastroenterol | year= 2019 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 155 | pmid=31462259 | doi=10.1186/s12876-019-1072-3 | pmc=6714396 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31462259 }} </ref>conservative approach is not approved.<ref name="pmid8902460">{{cite journal| author=Aktoğu S, Yuncu G, Halilçolar H, Ermete S, Buduneli T| title=Bronchogenic cysts: clinicopathological presentation and treatment. | journal=Eur Respir J | year= 1996 | volume= 9 | issue= 10 | pages= 2017-21 | pmid=8902460 | doi=10.1183/09031936.96.09102017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8902460 }} </ref> Surgery is imperative with symptoms such as <ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Dyspnea]] | |||
*[[Dysphagia]] | |||
*Pain | |||
*Purulent [[sputum]] | |||
*[[Hemoptysis]] | |||
Most commonly used approaches for complete excision of bronchogenic [[cysts]] are<ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26986156">{{cite journal| author=Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J | display-authors=etal| title=A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 11 | pages= e3111 | pmid=26986156 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003111 | pmc=4839937 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26986156 }} </ref><ref name="pmid31462259">{{cite journal| author=Yang X, Zong Y, Zhao HY, Wu YD, Ji M| title=Complete excision of esophageal bronchogenic cyst by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection: a case presentation. | journal=BMC Gastroenterol | year= 2019 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 155 | pmid=31462259 | doi=10.1186/s12876-019-1072-3 | pmc=6714396 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31462259 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30846076">{{cite journal| author=Ayub II, Balakrishnan H, Arshad AM, Manimaran N, Thangaswamy D, Chockalingam C| title=A 44-Year-Old Man With Nonproductive Cough and Sensation of Heaviness Over the Upper Chest. | journal=Chest | year= 2019 | volume= 155 | issue= 3 | pages= e65-e68 | pmid=30846076 | doi=10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.035 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30846076 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Thoracotomy]] | |||
*[[Thoracoscopy]] | |||
Other procedures include | |||
*Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection<ref name="pmid31462259">{{cite journal| author=Yang X, Zong Y, Zhao HY, Wu YD, Ji M| title=Complete excision of esophageal bronchogenic cyst by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection: a case presentation. | journal=BMC Gastroenterol | year= 2019 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 155 | pmid=31462259 | doi=10.1186/s12876-019-1072-3 | pmc=6714396 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31462259 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26986156">{{cite journal| author=Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J | display-authors=etal| title=A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 11 | pages= e3111 | pmid=26986156 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003111 | pmc=4839937 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26986156 }} </ref> | |||
*Percutaneous catheter drainage or endoscopic ultrasonographic guided-fine needle aspiration<ref name="pmid26986156">{{cite journal| author=Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J | display-authors=etal| title=A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 11 | pages= e3111 | pmid=26986156 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003111 | pmc=4839937 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26986156 }} </ref> with sterile alcohol ablation has been used in selected high-risk patients, especially adults, but has no place in pediatric therapeutics.<ref name="pmid19015445">{{cite journal| author=Teissier N, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ferkdadji L, François M, Van den Abbeele T| title=Cervical bronchogenic cysts: usual and unusual clinical presentations. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 134 | issue= 11 | pages= 1165-9 | pmid=19015445 | doi=10.1001/archotol.134.11.1165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19015445 }} </ref> | |||
*[[thoracoscopy|video-assisted thorascopic surgery]]<ref name="pmid25131363">{{cite journal| author=Legras A, Mordant P, Gibault L, Hernigou A, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Riquet M| title=[Diaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst: an exceptional location]. | journal=Rev Pneumol Clin | year= 2014 | volume= 70 | issue= 6 | pages= 357-61 | pmid=25131363 | doi=10.1016/j.pneumo.2014.05.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25131363 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26986156">{{cite journal| author=Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J | display-authors=etal| title=A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 11 | pages= e3111 | pmid=26986156 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003111 | pmc=4839937 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26986156 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30846076">{{cite journal| author=Ayub II, Balakrishnan H, Arshad AM, Manimaran N, Thangaswamy D, Chockalingam C| title=A 44-Year-Old Man With Nonproductive Cough and Sensation of Heaviness Over the Upper Chest. | journal=Chest | year= 2019 | volume= 155 | issue= 3 | pages= e65-e68 | pmid=30846076 | doi=10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.035 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30846076 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25038917">{{cite journal| author=Jung HS, Kim DK, Lee GD, Sim HJ, Choi SH, Kim HR | display-authors=etal| title=Video-assisted thoracic surgery for bronchogenic cysts: is this the surgical approach of choice? | journal=Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg | year= 2014 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 824-9 | pmid=25038917 | doi=10.1093/icvts/ivu228 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25038917 }} </ref> | |||
*Transtracheal needle aspiration<ref name="pmid3562032">{{cite journal| author=Cohn JR, Wechsler R, Zawid J, Brodovsky HS| title=Resolution of a mediastinal cyst by transtracheal needle aspiration. | journal=Pa Med | year= 1987 | volume= 90 | issue= 3 | pages= 64, 66 | pmid=3562032 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3562032 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Craniotomy]] with resection for cranial bronchogenic [[cyst]]craniotomy with resection<ref name="pmid31348319">{{cite journal| author=Bian B, Yu M, Liu S, Li S, Wei Y, Zhang B| title=A suprasellar bronchogenic cyst: A case report. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2019 | volume= 98 | issue= 30 | pages= e16650 | pmid=31348319 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000016650 | pmc=6709100 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31348319 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Median sternotomy|Sternotomy]] for cardiac [[cyst]]<ref name="pmid26234845">{{cite journal| author=Olsen M, Mitchell TA, Percival TJ, Helsel BS| title=Interatrial Bronchogenic Cyst Resection. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 709-11 | pmid=26234845 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.025 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26234845 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Laminectomy]] for intraspinal [[cyst]]<ref name="pmid26097578">{{cite journal| author=Zou MX, Hu JR, Kang YJ, Li J, Lv GH, She XL| title=Bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris with spinal cord tethering: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=Int J Clin Exp Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 3937-42 | pmid=26097578 | doi= | pmc=4466965 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26097578 }} </ref><ref name="pmid29390371">{{cite journal| author=Lee HD, Han SH, Park SB, Ko Y, Lee KH| title=An intradural extramedullary bronchogenic cyst in the thoracolumbar spine: A case report. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 50 | pages= e9263 | pmid=29390371 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000009263 | pmc=5815783 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29390371 }} </ref> | |||
*[[ICD-9-CM Volume 3|Marsupialisation]]<ref name="pmid28762109">{{cite journal| author=Candy N, Young A, Devadass A, Dean A, McMillen J, Trivedi R| title=Dual lumbar bronchogenic and arachnoid cyst presenting with sciatica and left foot drop. | journal=Acta Neurochir (Wien) | year= 2017 | volume= 159 | issue= 10 | pages= 2029-2032 | pmid=28762109 | doi=10.1007/s00701-017-3284-z | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28762109 }} </ref> | |||
Complete surgical [[resection]] is curative.<ref name="pmid19015445">{{cite journal| author=Teissier N, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ferkdadji L, François M, Van den Abbeele T| title=Cervical bronchogenic cysts: usual and unusual clinical presentations. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 134 | issue= 11 | pages= 1165-9 | pmid=19015445 | doi=10.1001/archotol.134.11.1165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19015445 }} </ref><ref name="pmid480084">{{cite journal| author=Ramenofsky ML, Leape LL, McCauley RG| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=J Pediatr Surg | year= 1979 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 219-24 | pmid=480084 | doi=10.1016/s0022-3468(79)80474-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=480084 }} </ref> Risk during surgery is usually low, [[complication|complications]] include but are not limited to persistent air leak,<ref name="pmid12809250">{{cite journal| author=Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E| title=Bronchogenic cyst. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-8 | pmid=12809250 | doi= | pmc=161894 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12809250 }} </ref> pulmonary and vascular compressions, vascular, pleural, tracheobronchial, pulmonary, mediastinal and diaphragmatic [[adhesion|adhesions]],<ref name="pmid8902460">{{cite journal| author=Aktoğu S, Yuncu G, Halilçolar H, Ermete S, Buduneli T| title=Bronchogenic cysts: clinicopathological presentation and treatment. | journal=Eur Respir J | year= 1996 | volume= 9 | issue= 10 | pages= 2017-21 | pmid=8902460 | doi=10.1183/09031936.96.09102017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8902460 }} </ref> inflammatory [[stenosis]],<ref name="pmid26112048">{{cite journal| author=Thaller P, Blanchet C, Badr M, Mesnage R, Leboucq N, Mondain M | display-authors=etal| title=Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome revealing a cervical bronchogenic cyst: a case report. | journal=BMC Pediatr | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= | pages= 72 | pmid=26112048 | doi=10.1186/s12887-015-0363-2 | pmc=4491209 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26112048 }} </ref> and [[Third degree AV block|thrid degree heart block]].<ref name="pmid26234845">{{cite journal| author=Olsen M, Mitchell TA, Percival TJ, Helsel BS| title=Interatrial Bronchogenic Cyst Resection. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 709-11 | pmid=26234845 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.025 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26234845 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 21:49, 13 July 2020
Bronchogenic cyst Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for bronchogenic cyst.
Surgery
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for bronchogenic cyst even when the patients are asymptomatic,[1]conservative approach is not approved.[2] Surgery is imperative with symptoms such as [3]
- Dyspnea
- Dysphagia
- Pain
- Purulent sputum
- Hemoptysis
Most commonly used approaches for complete excision of bronchogenic cysts are[3][4][1][5]
Other procedures include
- Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection[1][4]
- Percutaneous catheter drainage or endoscopic ultrasonographic guided-fine needle aspiration[4] with sterile alcohol ablation has been used in selected high-risk patients, especially adults, but has no place in pediatric therapeutics.[6]
- video-assisted thorascopic surgery[7][4][5][8]
- Transtracheal needle aspiration[9]
- Craniotomy with resection for cranial bronchogenic cystcraniotomy with resection[10]
- Sternotomy for cardiac cyst[11]
- Laminectomy for intraspinal cyst[12][13]
- Marsupialisation[14]
Complete surgical resection is curative.[6][15] Risk during surgery is usually low, complications include but are not limited to persistent air leak,[3] pulmonary and vascular compressions, vascular, pleural, tracheobronchial, pulmonary, mediastinal and diaphragmatic adhesions,[2] inflammatory stenosis,[16] and thrid degree heart block.[11]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yang X, Zong Y, Zhao HY, Wu YD, Ji M (2019). "Complete excision of esophageal bronchogenic cyst by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection: a case presentation". BMC Gastroenterol. 19 (1): 155. doi:10.1186/s12876-019-1072-3. PMC 6714396 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 31462259. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Aktoğu S, Yuncu G, Halilçolar H, Ermete S, Buduneli T (1996). "Bronchogenic cysts: clinicopathological presentation and treatment". Eur Respir J. 9 (10): 2017–21. doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09102017. PMID 8902460.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E (2003). "Bronchogenic cyst". Tex Heart Inst J. 30 (2): 105–8. PMC 161894. PMID 12809250.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Han C, Lin R, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu J; et al. (2016). "A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance". Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (11): e3111. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003111. PMC 4839937. PMID 26986156.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ayub II, Balakrishnan H, Arshad AM, Manimaran N, Thangaswamy D, Chockalingam C (2019). "A 44-Year-Old Man With Nonproductive Cough and Sensation of Heaviness Over the Upper Chest". Chest. 155 (3): e65–e68. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.09.035. PMID 30846076.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Teissier N, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ferkdadji L, François M, Van den Abbeele T (2008). "Cervical bronchogenic cysts: usual and unusual clinical presentations". Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 134 (11): 1165–9. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.11.1165. PMID 19015445.
- ↑ Legras A, Mordant P, Gibault L, Hernigou A, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Riquet M (2014). "[Diaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst: an exceptional location]". Rev Pneumol Clin. 70 (6): 357–61. doi:10.1016/j.pneumo.2014.05.002. PMID 25131363.
- ↑ Jung HS, Kim DK, Lee GD, Sim HJ, Choi SH, Kim HR; et al. (2014). "Video-assisted thoracic surgery for bronchogenic cysts: is this the surgical approach of choice?". Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 19 (5): 824–9. doi:10.1093/icvts/ivu228. PMID 25038917.
- ↑ Cohn JR, Wechsler R, Zawid J, Brodovsky HS (1987). "Resolution of a mediastinal cyst by transtracheal needle aspiration". Pa Med. 90 (3): 64, 66. PMID 3562032.
- ↑ Bian B, Yu M, Liu S, Li S, Wei Y, Zhang B (2019). "A suprasellar bronchogenic cyst: A case report". Medicine (Baltimore). 98 (30): e16650. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016650. PMC 6709100 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 31348319. - ↑ 11.0 11.1 Olsen M, Mitchell TA, Percival TJ, Helsel BS (2015). "Interatrial Bronchogenic Cyst Resection". Ann Thorac Surg. 100 (2): 709–11. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.025. PMID 26234845.
- ↑ Zou MX, Hu JR, Kang YJ, Li J, Lv GH, She XL (2015). "Bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris with spinal cord tethering: a case report and review of the literature". Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8 (4): 3937–42. PMC 4466965. PMID 26097578.
- ↑ Lee HD, Han SH, Park SB, Ko Y, Lee KH (2017). "An intradural extramedullary bronchogenic cyst in the thoracolumbar spine: A case report". Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (50): e9263. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009263. PMC 5815783. PMID 29390371.
- ↑ Candy N, Young A, Devadass A, Dean A, McMillen J, Trivedi R (2017). "Dual lumbar bronchogenic and arachnoid cyst presenting with sciatica and left foot drop". Acta Neurochir (Wien). 159 (10): 2029–2032. doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3284-z. PMID 28762109.
- ↑ Ramenofsky ML, Leape LL, McCauley RG (1979). "Bronchogenic cyst". J Pediatr Surg. 14 (3): 219–24. doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(79)80474-1. PMID 480084.
- ↑ Thaller P, Blanchet C, Badr M, Mesnage R, Leboucq N, Mondain M; et al. (2015). "Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome revealing a cervical bronchogenic cyst: a case report". BMC Pediatr. 15: 72. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0363-2. PMC 4491209. PMID 26112048.