Mumps pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.

Overview

Mumps is spread by droplets of saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose, or throat of an infected person, usually when the person coughs or sneezes. Most mumps transmission occurs before the enlargement of the salivary glands and within the 5 days after the swelling begins. Therefore, the CDC recommends isolating mumps patients for 5 days after their glands begin to swell.

Pathophysiology

Transmission

• Humans are the only natural host for mumps virus (MuV).
• MuV is transmitted through respiratory droplets (saliva or mucus), direct contact, or contact with surfaces carrying MuV.
• Mumps is contagious several days prior and up to 5 days after onset of paraotitis.

Pathogenesis

• MuV enters the body through inhalation or oral contact and infects the upper respiratory tract epithelium.
• MuV is able to attach to extracellular sialic acid via the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein.
• HN and the fusion (F) glycoprotein mediate cell membrane fusion, allowing viral material to enter respiratory epithelial cells.
• HN and F, in conjunction with matrix (M) protein, are also involved in localizing viral material after replication and inducing virion budding.

Resources

• CDC: Mumps Transmission

References

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