Otitis externa causes: Difference between revisions
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===Drug interaction=== | ===Drug interaction=== | ||
*Rarely, [[psoriasis]] therapy [[secukinumab]] can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.<ref name="urlDailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection">{{cite web |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=77c4b13e-7df3-42d4-81db-3d0cddb7f67a |title=DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | *Rarely, [[psoriasis]] therapy [[secukinumab]] can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.<ref name="urlDailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection">{{cite web |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=77c4b13e-7df3-42d4-81db-3d0cddb7f67a |title=DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
===Causes by Chronicity=== | |||
====Chronic Otitis Externa==== | |||
*Chronic otitis externa is primarily caused by the following: | |||
**[[Otomycosis]], particularly by ''[[Candida albicans]]'' and ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'' | |||
**Allergic [[rhinitis]] | |||
**Underlying [[dermatoses]]: | |||
***[[Eczema]] | |||
***[[Seborrhea]] | |||
***[[Psoriasis]] | |||
***[[Contact dermatitis]] | |||
*Symptoms of chronic otitis externa are predominantly [[itching]], due to the presence of dermatalogical condition or [[fungal]] debris. | |||
**[[Otorrhea]] is more common in chronic otitis externa than the acute presentation. | |||
*Treatment of chronic otitis externa resolves around treating the underlying condition, including [[corticosteroid]] therapy for dermatological conditions and topical anti-[[fungal]] medications for [[otomycosis]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yaganeh Moghadam A, Asadi MA, Dehghani R, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Rayegan F, Hooshyar H, Khorshidi A |title=Evaluating the effect of a mixture of alcohol and acetic acid for otomycosis therapy |journal=Jundishapur J Microbiol |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=66–70 |year=2010 |url=http://jjm.ajums.ac.ir/_jjm/documents/Issue%207MA.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> | |||
====Acute Otitis Externa==== | |||
**Primarily caused by [[bacterial]] infection of ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococcus aureus]]''.<ref name="pmid23198673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer P, Baugh RF |title=Acute otitis externa: an update |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=86 |issue=11 |pages=1055–61 |year=2012 |pmid=23198673 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:40, 6 August 2016
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Otitis externa Microchapters |
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Otitis externa causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Otitis externa causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
The primary cause of otitis externa is bacterial; the majority of cases result from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infections. Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Allergy-caused dermatitis can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the ear canal, including inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema, seborrhea, and psoriasis. Contact dermatitis can cause otitis externa from allergic reactions to cosmetic chemicals and metals. Rarely, psoriasis therapy secukinumab can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.
Causes
Causes of otitis externa include all sources ofinflammation of the external ear canal.[1]
Bacterial
- The primary bacterial infectious causes of otitis externa are the following:[2]
- Additional bacterial causes include the following:[3]
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Microbacterium otitidis
- Microbacterium alconae
- Staphylococcus caprae
- Staphylococcus auricularis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Staphylococcus capitis
- Staphylococcus haemolyticus
- Infectious bacteria that thrive in water can cause otitis externa due to facilitated transport to the ear canal.[4]
Fungal
- Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including the following:[5]
- Otomycosis-caused otitis externa is common after prolonged antibiotic therapy.[1]
Allergic Reactions
- Allergy-caused dermatitis can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the ear canal and include the following:[5]
- Eczema
- Seborrhea
- Psoriasis[6]
- Contact dermatitis as a reaction to the following:
- Metals, especially nickel or silver
- Hearing aids
- Chemical irritants, including shampoos, soaps, cosmetics etc.
Drug interaction
- Rarely, psoriasis therapy secukinumab can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.[7]
Causes by Chronicity
Chronic Otitis Externa
- Chronic otitis externa is primarily caused by the following:
- Otomycosis, particularly by Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger
- Allergic rhinitis
- Underlying dermatoses:
- Symptoms of chronic otitis externa are predominantly itching, due to the presence of dermatalogical condition or fungal debris.
- Otorrhea is more common in chronic otitis externa than the acute presentation.
- Treatment of chronic otitis externa resolves around treating the underlying condition, including corticosteroid therapy for dermatological conditions and topical anti-fungal medications for otomycosis.[8]
Acute Otitis Externa
- Primarily caused by bacterial infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hajioff D, Mackeith S (2008). "Otitis externa". BMJ Clin Evid. 2008. PMC 2907945. PMID 19450296.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. ISSN 0021-9193.
- ↑ Roland PS, Stroman DW (2002). "Microbiology of acute otitis externa". Laryngoscope. 112 (7 Pt 1): 1166–77. doi:10.1097/00005537-200207000-00005. PMID 12169893.
- ↑ "Swimmer's ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rosenfeld, R; Brown, L; Cannon, C; Dolor, R; Ganiats, T; Hannley, M; Kokemueller, P; Marcy, S; Roland, P; Shiffman, R (2006). "Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa". Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): S4–S23. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014. ISSN 0194-5998.
- ↑ Kang K, Stevens SR. Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2003;21:116–121.
- ↑ "DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection".
- ↑ Yaganeh Moghadam A, Asadi MA, Dehghani R, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Rayegan F, Hooshyar H, Khorshidi A (2010). "Evaluating the effect of a mixture of alcohol and acetic acid for otomycosis therapy" (PDF). Jundishapur J Microbiol. 3 (2): 66–70.
- ↑ Schaefer P, Baugh RF (2012). "Acute otitis externa: an update". Am Fam Physician. 86 (11): 1055–61. PMID 23198673.