Conjunctivitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of conjunctivitis include [[bacteria]], [[viruses]], and environmental factors.<ref name= Conjunctivitis > National Eye Institute (2015). [https://nei.nih.gov/health/pinkeye/pink_facts] Accessed on June 23, 2016</ref> | Common causes of conjunctivitis include [[bacteria]], [[viruses]], and environmental factors.<ref name= Conjunctivitis > National Eye Institute (2015). [https://nei.nih.gov/health/pinkeye/pink_facts] Accessed on June 23, 2016</ref> | ||
[[Viral]] conjunctivitis is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis both overall and in the adult population. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most common cause and is responsible for the majority (50%-75%) of cases in children. [[Allergic conjunctivitis]] is the most frequent cause, affecting 15% to 40% of the population. | |||
Noninfectious conjunctivitis includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca and superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis may cause by inflammation secondary to immune-mediated diseases or mechanical processes.<ref name="pmid24150468">{{cite journal| author=Azari AA, Barney NP| title=Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. | journal=JAMA | year= 2013 | volume= 310 | issue= 16 | pages= 1721-9 | pmid=24150468 | doi=10.1001/jama.2013.280318 | pmc=4049531 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24150468 }} </ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 20:29, 8 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [4] Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [5]
Overview
Common causes of conjunctivitis include bacteria, viruses, and environmental factors.[1] Viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis both overall and in the adult population. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most common cause and is responsible for the majority (50%-75%) of cases in children. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most frequent cause, affecting 15% to 40% of the population. Noninfectious conjunctivitis includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca and superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis may cause by inflammation secondary to immune-mediated diseases or mechanical processes.[2]
Causes
Viral conjunctivitisInvalid parameter in <ref> tag
- Adenovirus
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2
- Varicella zoster virus
- Picornaviruses (coxsackievirus A24 and enterovirus 70)
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Rubella virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
Bacterial conjunctivitis[3]
- Gram-positive bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (common in nursing homes)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Pseudomonas
- Serratia marcescens
- Haemophilus influenzae (most common pathogen in children)
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Chlamydia trachomatis (sexually active age groups)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (sexually active age groups)
Neonatal conjunctivitis[4]
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Herpes simplex virus
- Pseudomonas (non–sexually transmitted bacteria)
- Chemical (silver nitrate solution)
Allergic conjunctivitisInvalid parameter in <ref> tag
- Allergen (pollen, animal dander, dust mites, or molds)
Keratoconjunctivitis[5]
- Lacrimal gland dysfunction (Sjögren's syndrome) with reduced tear production
- Reflex hyposecretion
- Mucin deficiency
- Low blink rate
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Autoimmune diseases
- Unknown etiology
Irritative Conjunctivitis
- Contact lenses
- Lens solutions
- Chlorine in a swimming pool
- Smog
- Cosmetics
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ National Eye Institute (2015). [1] Accessed on June 23, 2016
- ↑ Azari AA, Barney NP (2013). "Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment". JAMA. 310 (16): 1721–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280318. PMC 4049531. PMID 24150468.
- ↑ name= Bacterial Conjunctivitis > Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). [2] Accessed on June 23, 2016
- ↑ Mallika P, Asok T, Faisal H, Aziz S, Tan A, Intan G (2008). "Neonatal conjunctivitis - a review". Malays Fam Physician. 3 (2): 77–81. PMC 4170304. PMID 25606121.
- ↑ Barabino S, Dana MR (2007). "Dry eye syndromes". Chem Immunol Allergy. 92: 176–84. doi:10.1159/000099268. PMID 17264493.