Conjunctivitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
'''Viral conjunctivitis'''<ref name= Bacterial & Viral Conjunctivitis > Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). [http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/diagnosis.html] Accessed on June 23, 2016</ref> | '''Viral conjunctivitis'''<ref name= Bacterial & Viral Conjunctivitis > Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). [http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/diagnosis.html] Accessed on June 23, 2016</ref> | ||
* | *[[Adenovirus]] (most common) | ||
* | *[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes simplex virus (HSV)]] type 1 and 2 | ||
* | *[[Varicella zoster virus]] | ||
* | *[[Picornaviruses]] (''[[coxsackievirus]]'' A24 and ''[[enterovirus]]'' 70) | ||
*''[[Molluscum contagiosum]]'' | *''[[Molluscum contagiosum]]'' | ||
*''[[Rubella virus]]'' | *''[[Rubella virus]]'' | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
*[[Gram-positive bacteria]] | *[[Gram-positive bacteria]] | ||
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | **''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' | ||
** | **[[Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus]] (common in nursing homes) | ||
**''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' | **''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' | ||
*[[Gram-negative bacteria]] | *[[Gram-negative bacteria]] | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
**''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' | **''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' | ||
**''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' | **''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'' | ||
** | **[[Herpes simplex virus]] | ||
**''[[Pseudomonas]]'' (non–[[sexually transmitted]] [[bacteria]]) | **''[[Pseudomonas]]'' (non–[[sexually transmitted]] [[bacteria]]) | ||
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (non–[[sexually transmitted]] [[bacteria]]) | **''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (non–[[sexually transmitted]] [[bacteria]]) | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
*[[Allergen]] ([[pollen]], [[animal dander]], dust mites, or molds) | *[[Allergen]] ([[pollen]], [[animal dander]], dust mites, or molds) | ||
'''Keratoconjunctivitis'''<ref name="pmid17264493">{{cite journal| author=Barabino S, Dana MR| title=Dry eye syndromes. | journal=Chem Immunol Allergy | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue= | pages= 176-84 | pmid=17264493 | doi=10.1159/000099268 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17264493 }} </ref> | '''Keratoconjunctivitis'''<ref name="pmid17264493">{{cite journal| author=Barabino S, Dana MR| title=Dry eye syndromes. | journal=Chem Immunol Allergy | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue= | pages= 176-84 | pmid=17264493 | doi=10.1159/000099268 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17264493 }} </ref> | ||
* | *Lacrimal gland dysfunction ([[Sjögren's syndrome]]) with reduced tear production | ||
* | *Reflex hyposecretion | ||
*Mucin | *Mucin deficiency | ||
*Low blink rate | *Low blink rate | ||
*[[Vitamin A deficiency]] | *[[Vitamin A deficiency]] | ||
*[[Autoimmune diseases]] | *[[Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
*Unknown | *Unknown etiology | ||
'''Irritative Conjunctivitis''' | '''Irritative Conjunctivitis''' | ||
*[[Contact lenses]] | *[[Contact lenses]] | ||
Revision as of 19:33, 11 July 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [4] Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [5]
Overview
Common causes of conjunctivitis include bacteria, viruses, and environmental factors.[1] Viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis both overall and in the adult population. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most common cause and is responsible for the majority (50%-75%) of cases in children. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most frequent cause, affecting 15% to 40% of the population. Noninfectious conjunctivitis includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) and superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis may cause by inflammation secondary to immune-mediated diseases or mechanical irritation.[2]
Causes
Viral conjunctivitisInvalid parameter in <ref> tag
- Adenovirus (most common)
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2
- Varicella zoster virus
- Picornaviruses (coxsackievirus A24 and enterovirus 70)
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Rubella virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
Bacterial conjunctivitis[3]
- Gram-positive bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (common in nursing homes)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Pseudomonas
- Serratia marcescens
- Haemophilus influenzae (most common pathogen in children)
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Chlamydia trachomatis (sexually transmitted bacteria)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (sexually transmitted bacteria)
Neonatal conjunctivitis[4]
Allergic conjunctivitisInvalid parameter in <ref> tag
- Allergen (pollen, animal dander, dust mites, or molds)
Keratoconjunctivitis[5]
- Lacrimal gland dysfunction (Sjögren's syndrome) with reduced tear production
- Reflex hyposecretion
- Mucin deficiency
- Low blink rate
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Autoimmune diseases
- Unknown etiology
Irritative Conjunctivitis
- Contact lenses
- Lens solutions
- Chlorine in a swimming pool
- Smog
- Cosmetics
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3References
- ↑ National Eye Institute (2015). [1] Accessed on June 23, 2016
- ↑ Azari AA, Barney NP (2013). "Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment". JAMA. 310 (16): 1721–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280318. PMC 4049531. PMID 24150468.
- ↑ name= Bacterial Conjunctivitis > Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). [2] Accessed on June 23, 2016
- ↑ Mallika P, Asok T, Faisal H, Aziz S, Tan A, Intan G (2008). "Neonatal conjunctivitis - a review". Malays Fam Physician. 3 (2): 77–81. PMC 4170304. PMID 25606121.
- ↑ Barabino S, Dana MR (2007). "Dry eye syndromes". Chem Immunol Allergy. 92: 176–84. doi:10.1159/000099268. PMID 17264493.