Necrotizing fasciitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
All types of necrotizing fasciitis | All types of necrotizing fasciitis have common pathophysiology but the speed of development and associated clinical features may differ depending on the causative organisms. | ||
'''Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis''' | |||
“Flesh-eating bacteria” is a misnomer, as the bacteria do not actually eat the tissue. They cause the destruction of skin and muscle by releasing [[toxin]]s (virulence factors). These include streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins and [[Streptococcus pyogenes|other virulence factors]]. ''S. pyogenes'' produces an exotoxin known as a [[superantigen]]. This toxin is capable of activating [[T-cell]]s non-specifically. This causes the over-production of [[cytokines]] that over-stimulate [[macrophage]]s. The macrophages cause the actual tissue damage by releasing oxygen [[free radicals]] that are normally intended to destroy bacteria but are capable of damaging nearly any macromolecule they contact in the body. | “Flesh-eating bacteria” is a misnomer, as the bacteria do not actually eat the tissue. They cause the destruction of skin and muscle by releasing [[toxin]]s (virulence factors). These include streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins and [[Streptococcus pyogenes|other virulence factors]]. ''S. pyogenes'' produces an exotoxin known as a [[superantigen]]. This toxin is capable of activating [[T-cell]]s non-specifically. This causes the over-production of [[cytokines]] that over-stimulate [[macrophage]]s. The macrophages cause the actual tissue damage by releasing oxygen [[free radicals]] that are normally intended to destroy bacteria but are capable of damaging nearly any macromolecule they contact in the body. | ||
Revision as of 16:15, 30 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
All types of necrotizing fasciitis have common pathophysiology but the speed of development and associated clinical features may differ depending on the causative organisms. Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis
“Flesh-eating bacteria” is a misnomer, as the bacteria do not actually eat the tissue. They cause the destruction of skin and muscle by releasing toxins (virulence factors). These include streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins and other virulence factors. S. pyogenes produces an exotoxin known as a superantigen. This toxin is capable of activating T-cells non-specifically. This causes the over-production of cytokines that over-stimulate macrophages. The macrophages cause the actual tissue damage by releasing oxygen free radicals that are normally intended to destroy bacteria but are capable of damaging nearly any macromolecule they contact in the body.