Congenital rubella syndrome pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:13, 16 January 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Pregnant women who are not vaccinated against rubella virus are at a risk of contracting the infection. It must be noted however, that not every pregnant woman's infection results in vertical transmission to her fetus. In addition, not every fetus infected with rubella virus has fetal abnormalities or CRS. The typical clinical course of CRS usually begins with a pregnant woman being exposed to the virus via the respiratory route. The virus then infects the placenta and spreads to the fetus. This results in systemic inflammation in the fetus and multiple fetal anomalies, due to disruption of organogenesis.
The timing of the maternal infection has important implications on the fetus. If the woman is infected just before conception or during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation, severe fetal anomalies are most likely to occur, including stillbirth. However, beyond 16 weeks of gestation, rarely any fetal defects are associated with maternal rubella infection.

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 ==Pathophysiology==
 ===Pathogenesis===
+*[[Pregnant]] women who are not vaccinated against [[rubella virus]] are at a risk of contracting the [[infection]]. It must be noted however, that not every [[pregnant]] woman's infection results in [[vertical transmission]] to her [[fetus]]. In addition, not every [[fetus]] infected with [[rubella virus]] has fetal abnormalities or CRS. The typical clinical course of CRS usually begins with a [[pregnant]] woman being exposed to the [[virus]] via the [[respiratory]] route. The [[virus]] then infects the [[placenta]] and spreads to the [[fetus]]. This results in [[systemic]] [[inflammation]] in the fetus and multiple [[fetal]] [[anomalies]], due to disruption of [[organogenesis]].
+*The timing of the [[maternal]] [[infection]] has important implications on the [[fetus]]. If the woman is infected just before [[conception]] or during the first 8-10 weeks of [[gestation]], severe [[fetal]] anomalies are most likely to occur, including [[stillbirth]]. However, beyond 16 weeks of [[gestation]], rarely any [[fetal]] defects are associated with maternal [[rubella]] infection.
 ===Gross Pathology ===
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