Amoebic liver abscess overview: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of [[amoebic liver abscess]] include [[alcoholism]], [[pregnancy]], [[malnutrition]], old age, [[immunosupression]] (including [[HIV]]), a recent travel to a tropical region, [[steroid]] use, [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[chronic]] [[infection]],[[tuberculosis]], [[syphilis]], [[splenectomy]], [[malignancy]], and [[homosexual]].<ref name="pmid619763">{{cite journal| author=Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC, Healy GR, Gleason NN, Sexton DJ, Herron CA| title=Amebiasis: epidemiologic studies in the United States, 1971-1974. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1978 | volume= 88 | issue= 1 | pages= 89-97 | pmid=619763 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=619763 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21731305">{{cite journal| author=Ximénez C, Morán P, Rojas L, Valadez A, Gómez A, Ramiro M et al.| title=Novelties on amoebiasis: a neglected tropical disease. | journal=J Glob Infect Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 166-74 | pmid=21731305 | doi=10.4103/0974-777X.81695 | pmc=3125031 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21731305 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of [[amoebic liver abscess]] include [[alcoholism]], [[pregnancy]], [[malnutrition]], old age, [[immunosupression]] (including [[HIV]]), a recent travel to a tropical region, [[steroid]] use, [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[chronic]] [[infection]],[[tuberculosis]], [[syphilis]], [[splenectomy]], [[malignancy]], and [[homosexual]].<ref name="pmid619763">{{cite journal| author=Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC, Healy GR, Gleason NN, Sexton DJ, Herron CA| title=Amebiasis: epidemiologic studies in the United States, 1971-1974. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1978 | volume= 88 | issue= 1 | pages= 89-97 | pmid=619763 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=619763 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21731305">{{cite journal| author=Ximénez C, Morán P, Rojas L, Valadez A, Gómez A, Ramiro M et al.| title=Novelties on amoebiasis: a neglected tropical disease. | journal=J Glob Infect Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 166-74 | pmid=21731305 | doi=10.4103/0974-777X.81695 | pmc=3125031 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21731305 }} </ref> | ||
==Screening== | |||
According to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' infection. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:26, 14 February 2017
|
Amoebic liver abscess Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Amoebic liver abscess overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amoebic liver abscess overview |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Amoebic liver abscess overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Hepatic amoebiasis; Extraintestinal amoebiasis; Abscess-amoebic liver
Overview
Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Is it an inflammatory space occupying lesion in liver.
Historical Perspective
Amoebiasis was first described as a deadly disease by Hippocrates. [1]. The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875.
Classification
Liver abscess may be classified into 3 types based on etiology into pyogenic, amoebic, and fungal liver abscess.[2]. Based on duration of symptoms, amoebic liver abscess is classified into acute and chronic.
Pathophysiology
Ameoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of amoebiasis. The mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica include fecal-oral route (ingestion of food and water contaminated with feces containing cysts), sexual transmission via oral-rectal route in homosexuals, vector transmission via flies, cockroaches, and rodents.[3][4] Hepatocyte programmed cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic liver abscess. The infection is transmitted to liver by portal venous system.[5]
Causes
Amoebic liver abscess is caused by a protozoan Entamoeba histolytica.
Differential Diagnosis
Epidemiology And Demographics
Amoebiasis is the second leading cause of death worldwide from parasitic disease.[6][7][8]500 million people are infected with Entamoeba histolytica every year. 50 million individuals develop liver abscess and colitis and results in death in 40,000-100,000 individuals annually. Of all cases of amoebiasis, 3% to 9% of patients reported to have amoebic liver abscess. It most commonly occurs in 20 to 45 years age.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of amoebic liver abscess include alcoholism, pregnancy, malnutrition, old age, immunosupression (including HIV), a recent travel to a tropical region, steroid use, hypoalbuminemia, chronic infection,tuberculosis, syphilis, splenectomy, malignancy, and homosexual.[9][10]
Screening
According to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Entamoeba histolytica infection.
References
- ↑ Tanyuksel M, Petri WA (2003). "Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 16 (4): 713–29. PMC 207118. PMID 14557296.
- ↑ Mavilia MG, Molina M, Wu GY (2016). "The Evolving Nature of Hepatic Abscess: A Review". J Clin Transl Hepatol. 4 (2): 158–68. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2016.00004. PMC 4913073. PMID 27350946.
- ↑ Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J (2012). "Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective". Clin Microbiol Rev. 25 (3): 420–49. doi:10.1128/CMR.05038-11. PMC 3416492. PMID 22763633.
- ↑ Stanley SL (2003). "Amoebiasis". Lancet. 361 (9362): 1025–34. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12830-9. PMID 12660071.
- ↑ Aikat BK, Bhusnurmath SR, Pal AK, Chhuttani PN, Datta DV (1979). "The pathology and pathogenesis of fatal hepatic amoebiasis--A study based on 79 autopsy cases". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73 (2): 188–92. PMID 473308.
- ↑ Leber, Amy L., and Susan Novak-Weekley. "Intestinal and urogenital amebae, flagellates, and ciliates." Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th Edition. American Society of Microbiology, 2011. 2149-2171.
- ↑ Baxt LA, Singh U (2008). "New insights into Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 21 (5): 489–94. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830ce75f. PMC 2688559. PMID 18725798.
- ↑ Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA (2003). "Amebiasis". N Engl J Med. 348 (16): 1565–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022710. PMID 12700377.
- ↑ Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC, Healy GR, Gleason NN, Sexton DJ, Herron CA (1978). "Amebiasis: epidemiologic studies in the United States, 1971-1974". Ann Intern Med. 88 (1): 89–97. PMID 619763.
- ↑ Ximénez C, Morán P, Rojas L, Valadez A, Gómez A, Ramiro M; et al. (2011). "Novelties on amoebiasis: a neglected tropical disease". J Glob Infect Dis. 3 (2): 166–74. doi:10.4103/0974-777X.81695. PMC 3125031. PMID 21731305.