Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors: Difference between revisions
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** [[Trypanosomiasis]] or [[mycobacterial]] infections may have the same effect as EBV | ** [[Trypanosomiasis]] or [[mycobacterial]] infections may have the same effect as EBV | ||
* [[Ultraviolet]] (UV) light | * [[Ultraviolet]] (UV) light | ||
* Cigarette smoking 11708417 | * Cigarette smoking <ref name="pmid11708417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghaussy NO, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR |title=Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=2449–53 |year=2001 |pmid=11708417 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement etc.) 12124868 | * Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement etc.) <ref name="pmid12124868">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA |title=Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=1840–50 |year=2002 |pmid=12124868 |doi=10.1002/art.10368 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Drug allergy 12464374 | * Drug allergy <ref name="pmid12464374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS |title=Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=982–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12464374 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Caring a pet (especially pet dog) | * Caring a pet (especially pet dog) | ||
* Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for SLE 18795396 | * Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for SLE <ref name="pmid18795396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang J, Pan HF, Ye DQ, Su H, Li XP |title=Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1557–63 |year=2008 |pmid=18795396 |doi=10.1007/s10067-008-1004-z |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data shows that the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors:
- Female: SLE affects nine times as many women as men.
- Younger than 50
- Race: African Americans, Asians, and non-Causcasian race are affected more often than people from other races
- Drugs
- People with relatives who suffer from SLE, rheumatoid arthritis or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are at a slightly higher risk than the general population[1]
- Infections can stimulates some antigen specific cells and lead to SLE disease:
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): may induce anti-DNA antibodies or even lupus-like symptoms. It is associated with higher risk of SLE and also triggering the active course of disease in children
- Trypanosomiasis or mycobacterial infections may have the same effect as EBV
- Ultraviolet (UV) light
- Cigarette smoking [2]
- Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement etc.) [3]
- Drug allergy [4]
- Caring a pet (especially pet dog)
- Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for SLE [5]
References
- ↑ DiGeronimo, Theresa. New Hope for People with Lupus. Prima Publishing. 2002.
- ↑ Ghaussy NO, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR (2001). "Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study". J. Rheumatol. 28 (11): 2449–53. PMID 11708417.
- ↑ Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA (2002). "Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States". Arthritis Rheum. 46 (7): 1840–50. doi:10.1002/art.10368. PMID 12124868.
- ↑ Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS (2002). "Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history". J Clin Epidemiol. 55 (10): 982–9. PMID 12464374.
- ↑ Wang J, Pan HF, Ye DQ, Su H, Li XP (2008). "Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin. Rheumatol. 27 (12): 1557–63. doi:10.1007/s10067-008-1004-z. PMID 18795396.