Microsporidiosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears, positive [[PCR]], and [[Serology|positive serology]]. | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears using chromotrope 2R or quick hot gram chromotrope, positive [[PCR]], and [[Serology|positive serology]] using indrirect immunofluorescence. | ||
==Lab findings== | ==Lab findings== | ||
===Microscopic identification of the organism=== | ===Microscopic identification of the organism=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of microsporidiosis include microscopic identification of the organism in fecal smears using chromotrope 2R or quick hot gram chromotrope, positive PCR, and positive serology using indrirect immunofluorescence.
Lab findings
Microscopic identification of the organism
Identification of the organism in the stool specimens is a quick and cheap method for diagnosis.[1][2]
- Special stains must be used because spores are not visible with ordinary stains.
- Using chromotrope 2R method, spores appear pink with belt like stripes in the middle of the spores.
- Chromotrope 2R staining technique takes about 90 minutes.
- Using Quick hot gram chromotrope, organism appears dark violet and the belt-like stripes are enhanced.
- Quick hot gram provides better visualization of the organism and cuts down the time needed for staining to 10 minutes.
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores measure 0.8 - 1.4 mcm while Anncaliia algerae, Encephalitozoon spp., Vittaforma corneae, and Nosema spp spores measure 1.5 - 4 mcm.
- Fecal smears shows no WBCs nor blood unless concamitant infection is present.
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Serologic assays:
- IgM or IgG anti microsporidial antibodies can be detected in serum using indirect immunofluorescence assays.[3][4]
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PCR
- Molecular identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi using PCR is available.[5][6]
- PCR is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosing microsporidiosis yet it is expensive and not recommended for routine diagnosis.
References
- ↑ Rijpstra AC, Canning EU, Van Ketel RJ, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Laarman JJ (1988). "Use of light microscopy to diagnose small-intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS". J. Infect. Dis. 157 (4): 827–31. PMID 3126248.
- ↑ "CDC - DPDx - Microsporidiosis - Laboratory Diagnosis".
- ↑ Fedorko DP, Hijazi YM (1996). "Application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis of microsporidial infection". Emerging Infect. Dis. 2 (3): 183–91. doi:10.3201/eid0203.960304. PMC 2626796. PMID 8903228.
- ↑ Franzen C, Müller A (2001). "Microsporidiosis: human diseases and diagnosis". Microbes Infect. 3 (5): 389–400. PMID 11369276.
- ↑ Reddy AK, Balne PK, Gaje K, Garg P (2011). "PCR for the diagnosis and species identification of microsporidia in patients with keratitis". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17 (3): 476–8. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03152.x. PMID 21309925.
- ↑ Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Owen RL (1994). "Human microsporidial infections". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7 (4): 426–61. PMC 358336. PMID 7834600.