Primary hyperaldosteronism physical examination: Difference between revisions
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=== Heart === | === Heart === | ||
* No chest tenderness on palpation | |||
* PMI within 2 cm of the sternum | |||
* [[Heave]] / [[thrill]] | |||
* [[Friction rub]] | |||
* [[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1.2C the .22lub.22.28components M1 and T1.29|S1]] | |||
* [[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the .22dub.22.28components A2 and P2.29|S2]] | |||
* [[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]] may be heard due to left ventricular hypertrophy<ref name="pmid15291171">{{cite journal |vauthors=du Cailar G |title=[Cardiac consequences of primary hyperaldosteronism] |language=French |journal=Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=147–9 |year=2004 |pmid=15291171 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
* No gallop rhythm | |||
* Ventricular fibrillation may be a finding in primary hyperaldosteronism<ref name="pmid19610566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delgado Y, Quesada E, Pérez Arzola M, Bredy R |title=Ventricular fibrillation as the first manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism |journal=Bol Asoc Med P R |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=258–62 |year=2006 |pmid=19610566 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
=== Abdomen === | === Abdomen === | ||
* Non-tender | |||
* Non-distended | |||
* No abnormal fluids or gas | |||
* No palpable organomegaly | |||
=== Back === | === Back === | ||
* There are no abnormal findings on the back associated with primary hyperaldosteronism. | |||
=== Genitourinary === | === Genitourinary === | ||
* There are no abnormal genitourinary findings associated with primary hyperaldosteronism | |||
=== Extremities === | === Extremities === | ||
* Extremities are normal on examination in primary hyperaldosteronism | |||
=== Neurologic === | === Neurologic === | ||
* Hyperaldosteronism induced hypertension may lead to stroke and paralysis<ref name="pmid10023636">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nishimura M, Uzu T, Fujii T, Kuroda S, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kimura G |title=Cardiovascular complications in patients with primary aldosteronism |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=261–6 |year=1999 |pmid=10023636 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:46, 11 July 2017
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Physical Examination
Appearance of the patient
- Patient is usually well-appearing.
Vital signs
- High-grade fever
- Tachycardia with irregular pulse
- Normal respiratory rate.
- High blood pressure may be the only presenting sign.
Skin
- There are no abnormal skin findings associated with primary hyperaldosteronism.
HEENT
- HEENT examination is normal in primary hyperaldosteronism.
Neck
- No lymphadenopathy
- No thyromegaly
- Elevated JVP
Lungs
- Symmetric chest expansion
- Normal breath sounds
- No rales, rhochi and wheeze
- Egophony absent
- Bronchophony absent
- Normal tactile fremitus
Heart
- No chest tenderness on palpation
- PMI within 2 cm of the sternum
- Heave / thrill
- Friction rub
- S1
- S2
- S4 may be heard due to left ventricular hypertrophy[1]
- No gallop rhythm
- Ventricular fibrillation may be a finding in primary hyperaldosteronism[2]
Abdomen
- Non-tender
- Non-distended
- No abnormal fluids or gas
- No palpable organomegaly
Back
- There are no abnormal findings on the back associated with primary hyperaldosteronism.
Genitourinary
- There are no abnormal genitourinary findings associated with primary hyperaldosteronism
Extremities
- Extremities are normal on examination in primary hyperaldosteronism
Neurologic
- Hyperaldosteronism induced hypertension may lead to stroke and paralysis[3]
References
- ↑ du Cailar G (2004). "[Cardiac consequences of primary hyperaldosteronism]". Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) (in French). 53 (3): 147–9. PMID 15291171.
- ↑ Delgado Y, Quesada E, Pérez Arzola M, Bredy R (2006). "Ventricular fibrillation as the first manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism". Bol Asoc Med P R. 98 (4): 258–62. PMID 19610566.
- ↑ Nishimura M, Uzu T, Fujii T, Kuroda S, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kimura G (1999). "Cardiovascular complications in patients with primary aldosteronism". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 33 (2): 261–6. PMID 10023636.