Growth hormone deficiency classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Growth hormone deficiency can be classified by nature into congenital type in which infants show symptoms such as hypoglycemia, neonatal growth failure, neonatal jaundice, and asphyxia or acquired type presents with severe growth failure, delayed bone age, delayed puberty.

Classification

Growth hormone deficiency can be classified by nature into:

• Congenital: infants may show symptoms from the first day but some patients wait until 6 months to show symptoms. Hypoglycemia, neonatal growth failure, neonatal jaundice, and asphyxia are common in these cases. The combination of GHD with gonadotropin deficiency can cause microphallus, cryptorchidism, and severe hypoglycemia.

• Acquired: it may first appear in children or adults. Children with GHD present with severe growth failure, delayed bone age, delayed puberty, immature face with an underdeveloped nasal bridge, frontal bossing, sparse hair growth, and infantile fat distribution.