Vitamin D deficiency prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Effective measures for the primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency include dietary intake and cutaneous synthesis. Cutaneous synthesis requires enough sun exposure and it depends on multiple factors including season, latitude, altitude, duration and skin pigmentation. However, there is a concern regarding sun exposure that increases skin cancer. So, it is not recommended to prevent vitamin D deficiency. | Effective measures for the primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency include dietary intake and cutaneous synthesis. Cutaneous synthesis requires enough sun exposure and it depends on multiple factors including season, latitude, altitude, duration and skin pigmentation. However, there is a concern regarding sun exposure that increases skin cancer. So, it is not recommended to prevent vitamin D deficiency. <ref name="urlOverview of Vitamin D - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/ |title=Overview of Vitamin D - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended 600 IU/d of vitamin D for healthy persons over 1 year of age until 70. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin D for individuals over 70 years of age is 800 IU/d. RDA for pregnant and lactating women is the same as for nonpregnant adults. <ref> Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al., editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. 5, Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56056/ </ref> | |||
*The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends higer dose 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D for adults age 50 and older.<ref name="Cosmande Beur2014">{{cite journal|last1=Cosman|first1=F.|last2=de Beur|first2=S. J.|last3=LeBoff|first3=M. S.|last4=Lewiecki|first4=E. M.|last5=Tanner|first5=B.|last6=Randall|first6=S.|last7=Lindsay|first7=R.|title=Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis|journal=Osteoporosis International|volume=25|issue=10|year=2014|pages=2359–2381|issn=0937-941X|doi=10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2}}</ref> | |||
* In the UK, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recommends 400 IU/d of vitamin D (10 micrograms) for everyone above one year of age. Infants, from birth up to one year of age, as a precaution, should consume 340-400 IU/d of vitamin D (8.5-10 micrograms). <ref name="urlSACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-vitamin-d-and-health-report |title=SACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | * In the UK, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recommends 400 IU/d of vitamin D (10 micrograms) for everyone above one year of age. Infants, from birth up to one year of age, as a precaution, should consume 340-400 IU/d of vitamin D (8.5-10 micrograms). <ref name="urlSACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-vitamin-d-and-health-report |title=SACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* For the Europeans, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), published the recommendation as follows: | * For the Europeans, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), published the recommendation as follows: <ref name="urlwww.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/563596/joint_note_by_SACN_and_EFSA.pdf |title=Joint note by SACN and EFSA |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
** Infants aged 7-11 months: 10 µg/day | ** Infants aged 7-11 months: 10 µg/day | ||
** for all other population groups aged one year and more (including pregnant/lactating women): 15 µg/day | ** for all other population groups aged one year and more (including pregnant/lactating women): 15 µg/day | ||
Revision as of 01:57, 1 September 2017
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Vitamin D deficiency prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Prevention
Effective measures for the primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency include dietary intake and cutaneous synthesis. Cutaneous synthesis requires enough sun exposure and it depends on multiple factors including season, latitude, altitude, duration and skin pigmentation. However, there is a concern regarding sun exposure that increases skin cancer. So, it is not recommended to prevent vitamin D deficiency. [1]
- In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended 600 IU/d of vitamin D for healthy persons over 1 year of age until 70. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin D for individuals over 70 years of age is 800 IU/d. RDA for pregnant and lactating women is the same as for nonpregnant adults. [2]
- The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends higer dose 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D for adults age 50 and older.[3]
- In the UK, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recommends 400 IU/d of vitamin D (10 micrograms) for everyone above one year of age. Infants, from birth up to one year of age, as a precaution, should consume 340-400 IU/d of vitamin D (8.5-10 micrograms). [4]
- For the Europeans, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), published the recommendation as follows: [5]
- Infants aged 7-11 months: 10 µg/day
- for all other population groups aged one year and more (including pregnant/lactating women): 15 µg/day
References
- ↑ "Overview of Vitamin D - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al., editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. 5, Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56056/
- ↑ Cosman, F.; de Beur, S. J.; LeBoff, M. S.; Lewiecki, E. M.; Tanner, B.; Randall, S.; Lindsay, R. (2014). "Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis". Osteoporosis International. 25 (10): 2359–2381. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2. ISSN 0937-941X.
- ↑ "SACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK".
- ↑ "Joint note by SACN and EFSA" (PDF).