Delayed puberty causes: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Delayed [[puberty]] may be caused by [[endocrine]] or [[genetic]] causes. The most common [[endocrine]] causes of delayed [[puberty]] is [[hypothalamus]]-[[pituitary]]-[[gonadal]] (HPG) axis disorders. The most common [[genetic]] causes of delayed [[puberty]] is [[Kallmann syndrome]]. There are various genes that may be related to delayed [[puberty]], among which the [[kisspeptin]] system genes (KISS1 and KISS1R) are the most important [[genes]]. | |||
The most common | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life-threatening Causes=== | ===Life-threatening Causes=== | ||
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===Less Common Causes=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of [[disease name]] | Less common causes of [[disease name]] are including: | ||
*[[Noonan syndrome]] and related disorders | *[[Noonan syndrome]] and related disorders | ||
* [[Fragile X|Fragile X premutation]] | * [[Fragile X|Fragile X premutation]] | ||
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===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
Delayed puberty is caused by a mutation in the following genes: | |||
* [[Kisspeptin|Kisspeptin system (KISS1R and KISS1)]] | |||
* [[KAL1 gene|Kallmann syndrome 1 (KAL1)]] | |||
* [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)]] | |||
* [[Fibroblast growth factor 8|Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8)]] | |||
* [[Heparan sulfate]] 6-O-sulphotransferase 1 (HS6ST1) | |||
* [[Prokineticin|Prokineticin 2 (PROK2)]] | |||
* [[Prokineticin receptor 2|Prokineticin 2 receptor (PROKR2)]] | |||
* [[Tachykinin|Tachykinin 3 (TAC3)]] | |||
* [[Tachykinin receptor 3|Tachykinin 3 receptor (TACR3)]] | |||
* [[Gonadotropin releasing hormone|Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH1)]] | |||
* [[Gonadotropin releasing hormone]] receptor (GnRHR) | |||
* [[CHD7|Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7)]] | |||
* Nasal embryonic LH-releasing hormone factor (NELF) | |||
* Early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2) | |||
* [[DAX1|DSS-AHC on the X-chromosome 1 (DAX1)]] | |||
* [[SF1 (gene)|Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)]] | |||
* [[HESX1|Homeobox gene 1 (HESX1)]] | |||
* [[LHX3|LIM homeobox gene 3 (LHX3)]] | |||
* [[PROP1|PROP paired-like homeobox 1 (PROP1)]] | |||
* [[Leptin|Leptin (LEP)]] | |||
* [[Leptin receptor|Leptin receptor (LEPR)]] | |||
* Proprotein convrtase 1 (PC1) | |||
* Makorin RING-finger protein 3 (MKRN3) | |||
* [[Estrogen receptor alpha|Estrogen receptor α (ESR1)]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{| border="1" style="width:80%; height:100px" | {| border="1" style="width:80%; height:100px" | ||
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" style="width:25%" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" style="width:25%" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" style="width:75%" ; border="1" | | | bgcolor="Beige" style="width:75%" ; border="1" |[[CHARGE syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning''' | | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Drug Side Effect''' | |'''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Chemotherapy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Ear Nose Throat''' | |'''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mumps]], [[Rathke pouch]] cyst, [[CHARGE syndrome]], [[Septo-optic dysplasia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Endocrine''' | |'''Endocrine''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]], [[Hypothalamus]]-[[pituitary]]-[[gonadal]] (HPG) Axis development disorder, [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia|Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia]], [[Androgen insensitivity]], [[Sertoli cell]] only syndrome (Del Castillo syndrome), [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Prolactinoma]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[CHARGE syndrome]], Congenital [[hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Hyperprolactinemia]], [[Growth hormone deficiency]], [[Cushing syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Environmental''' | |'''Environmental''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |Excessive [[exercise]], [[Chemotherapy]], [[Radiation therapy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Gastroenterologic''' | |'''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Celiac disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Genetic''' | |'''Genetic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Turner syndrome]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[Fragile X|Fragile X premutation]], [[Vanishing testes syndrome]], [[Galactosemia]], [[5-alpha reductase deficiency]], 17,20-[[lyase]] deficiency, [[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia|Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia]], [[Androgen insensitivity]], [[Sertoli cell]] only syndrome (Del Castillo syndrome), [[Prader-Willi syndrome]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Gaucher disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Hematologic''' | |'''Hematologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Sickle cell disease]], [[Thalassemia]], [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]], [[Hemosiderosis]], [[AIDS]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Iatrogenic''' | |'''Iatrogenic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Chemotherapy]], [[Radiation therapy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Infectious Disease''' | |'''Infectious Disease''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mumps]], [[Coxsackie virus]], [[AIDS]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | |'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Neurologic''' | |'''Neurologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Astrocytoma]], [[Glioma]], Post [[central nervous system]] infection | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | |'''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Malnutrition]], [[Obesity]], [[5-alpha reductase deficiency]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Bulimia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |'''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Hypothalamus]]-[[pituitary]]-[[gonadal]] (HPG) Axis development disorder, [[Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Oncologic''' | |'''Oncologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Astrocytoma]], [[Germinoma]], [[Glioma]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Prolactinoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Ophthalmologic''' | |'''Ophthalmologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[CHARGE syndrome]], [[Septo-optic dysplasia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Psychiatric''' | |'''Psychiatric''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Bulimia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Pulmonary''' | |'''Pulmonary''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Asthma]], [[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Renal/Electrolyte''' | |'''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia|Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia]], [[Chronic renal disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | |'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |Autoimmune oophiritis, Autoimmune [[orchitis]], [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]], [[Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Sexual''' | |'''Sexual''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[AIDS]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Trauma''' | |'''Trauma''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |Testicular [[trauma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Urologic''' | |'''Urologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Cryptorchidism]], [[Testicular torsion]], [[Gonadal dysgenesis]], [[Vanishing testes syndrome]], [[Germinoma]], [[CHARGE syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
|'''Miscellaneous''' | |'''Miscellaneous''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | | | bgcolor="Beige" |Excessive [[exercise]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 13:19, 5 September 2017
Delayed puberty Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Delayed puberty may be caused by endocrine or genetic causes. The most common endocrine causes of delayed puberty is hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis disorders. The most common genetic causes of delayed puberty is Kallmann syndrome. There are various genes that may be related to delayed puberty, among which the kisspeptin system genes (KISS1 and KISS1R) are the most important genes.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of delayed puberty, however complications resulting from untreated delayed puberty are common.
Common Causes
Delayed puberty may be caused by:
- Mumps
- Cryptorchidism
- Turner syndrome
- Testicular trauma
- Testicular torsion
- Sickle cell disease
- Thalassemia
- Kallmann syndrome
- Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) Axis development disorder
- Obesity and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Cystic fibrosis
- Asthma
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Celiac disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Excessive exercise
- Malnutrition
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name are including:
- Noonan syndrome and related disorders
- Fragile X premutation
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- Vanishing testes syndrome
- Coxsackie virus
- Galactosemia
- Autoimmune oophiritis
- Autoimmune orchitis
- 5-alpha reductase deficiency
- 17,20-lyase deficiency
- Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia
- Androgen insensitivity
- Sertoli cell only syndrome (Del Castillo syndrome)
- Astrocytoma
- Germinoma
- Glioma
- Craniopharyngioma
- Prolactinoma
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Rathke pouch cyst
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Bardet-Biedl syndrome
- CHARGE syndrome
- Gaucher disease
- Post central nervous system infection
- Septo-optic dysplasia
- Congenital hypopituitarism
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia
- Hemosiderosis
- Chronic renal disease
- AIDS
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Cushing syndrome
Genetic Causes
Delayed puberty is caused by a mutation in the following genes:
- Kisspeptin system (KISS1R and KISS1)
- Kallmann syndrome 1 (KAL1)
- Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)
- Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8)
- Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulphotransferase 1 (HS6ST1)
- Prokineticin 2 (PROK2)
- Prokineticin 2 receptor (PROKR2)
- Tachykinin 3 (TAC3)
- Tachykinin 3 receptor (TACR3)
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH1)
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)
- Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7)
- Nasal embryonic LH-releasing hormone factor (NELF)
- Early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2)
- DSS-AHC on the X-chromosome 1 (DAX1)
- Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)
- Homeobox gene 1 (HESX1)
- LIM homeobox gene 3 (LHX3)
- PROP paired-like homeobox 1 (PROP1)
- Leptin (LEP)
- Leptin receptor (LEPR)
- Proprotein convrtase 1 (PC1)
- Makorin RING-finger protein 3 (MKRN3)
- Estrogen receptor α (ESR1)
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.