Hyperparathyroidism physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable. Patients may have physical findings due to severe hypercalcemia and other complications of hyperparathyroidism. | Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable. Patients may have physical findings due to severe [[hypercalcemia]] and other [[Hyperparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis#Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis|complications of hyperparathyroidism]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
*Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable. | *Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable. | ||
*Patients may have physical findings due to severe hypercalcemia and other complications of hyperparathyroidism. | *Patients may have physical findings due to severe [[hypercalcemia]] and other [[Hyperparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis#Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis|complications of hyperparathyroidism]]. | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
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===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
*Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
**High blood pressure | **[[High blood pressure]] due to [[hypercalcemia]] and [[renal failure]] | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
* | *Persistent [[itching]] may be present due to [[renal failure]] | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
*Patients with severe hypercalcemia may have: | *Patients with severe [[hypercalcemia]] may have: | ||
** Band keratopathy (calcium precipitation in a horizontal band across the cornea in the palpebral aperture); may lead to vision | ** [[Band keratopathy]] ([[calcium]] precipitation in a horizontal band across the [[cornea]] in the palpebral aperture); may lead to [[Visual impairment|vision impairment]] | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
*Dyspnea due to fluid overload form renal failure | **[[Dyspnea]] due to [[fluid overload]] form [[renal failure]] | ||
===Cardiovasvular=== | ===Cardiovasvular=== | ||
*Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
**Palpitations due to arrhythmias | **[[Palpitation|Palpitations]] due to [[arrhythmias]] | ||
**Shortened QT interval | **Shortened [[QT interval]] | ||
**Chest pain due to fluid overload form renal failure | **[[Chest pain]] due to [[fluid overload]] form [[renal failure]] | ||
**Rales and S3 due to fluid overload form renal failure | **[[Rales]] and [[S3]] due to [[fluid overload]] form [[renal failure]] | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
**Nausea and vomiting | **[[Nausea and vomiting]] | ||
**Anorexia | **[[Anorexia]] | ||
**Fecal impaction (from constipation) | **[[Fecal impaction]] (from [[constipation]]) | ||
**Epigastric pain and tenderness due to development of pancreatitis | **[[Epigastric pain]] and [[tenderness]] due to development of [[pancreatitis]] | ||
**Flank pain and tenderness due to nephrolithiasis | **[[Flank pain]] and [[tenderness]] due to [[nephrolithiasis]] | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with severe [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
**Alteration in urinary habits | **Alteration in [[urinary]] habits | ||
**Volume depletion | **[[Volume depletion]] | ||
**Signs of renal failure | **Signs of [[renal failure]] | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
*Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time. | *Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time. | ||
*Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have: | *Patients with severe [[hypercalcemia]] and other complications may have: | ||
**Anxiety | **[[Anxiety]] | ||
**Fatigue and weakness due to renal failure | **[[Fatigue]] and [[weakness]] due to [[renal failure]] | ||
**Lethargy | **[[Lethargy]] | ||
**Sleep disturbances | **[[Sleep disturbances]] | ||
**Muscle twitch and cramps | **[[Muscle twitch]] and [[cramps]] | ||
**Signs of depression | **Signs of [[depression]] | ||
**Confusion | **[[Confusion]] | ||
**Memory disturbances | **[[Memory]] disturbances | ||
**Hypotonia | **[[Hypotonia]] | ||
**Hyporeflexia | **[[Hyporeflexia]] | ||
**Paresis | **[[Paresis]] | ||
**Coma | **[[Coma]] | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
*Swelling of feet and ankles due to renal failure | *Swelling of feet and ankles due to [[renal failure]] | ||
*Arthralgia due to bone | *[[Arthralgia]] due to bone [[resorption]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:15, 8 September 2017
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Hyperparathyroidism Microchapters |
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Hyperparathyroidism physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyperparathyroidism physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperparathyroidism physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]
Overview
Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable. Patients may have physical findings due to severe hypercalcemia and other complications of hyperparathyroidism.
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable.
- Patients may have physical findings due to severe hypercalcemia and other complications of hyperparathyroidism.
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with hyperparathyroidism usually appear well.
Vital Signs
- Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- High blood pressure due to hypercalcemia and renal failure
Skin
- Persistent itching may be present due to renal failure
HEENT
- Patients with severe hypercalcemia may have:
- Band keratopathy (calcium precipitation in a horizontal band across the cornea in the palpebral aperture); may lead to vision impairment
Lungs
- Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- Dyspnea due to fluid overload form renal failure
Cardiovasvular
- Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- Palpitations due to arrhythmias
- Shortened QT interval
- Chest pain due to fluid overload form renal failure
- Rales and S3 due to fluid overload form renal failure
Abdomen
- Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anorexia
- Fecal impaction (from constipation)
- Epigastric pain and tenderness due to development of pancreatitis
- Flank pain and tenderness due to nephrolithiasis
Genitourinary
- Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- Alteration in urinary habits
- Volume depletion
- Signs of renal failure
Neuromuscular
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
- Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
- Anxiety
- Fatigue and weakness due to renal failure
- Lethargy
- Sleep disturbances
- Muscle twitch and cramps
- Signs of depression
- Confusion
- Memory disturbances
- Hypotonia
- Hyporeflexia
- Paresis
- Coma
Extremities
- Swelling of feet and ankles due to renal failure
- Arthralgia due to bone resorption