Goiter history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

• A history of low iodine intake, history of use of therapeutic drugs that hinder normal thyroid hormonal activity, radiation exposure and positive family history of thyroid diseases.
• Symptoms of Goiter include, swelling at the base of the neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness of voice and difficulty in breathing.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with Goiter may have a history of:

• Low iodine intake (geographical/regional factors and food habits)
• History of the use of therapeutic drugs that hinder normal thyroid hormonal activity
• Radiation exposure (therapeutic or accidental exposure)
• Positive family history of thyroid diseases (Benign or malignant variants)

Symptoms

Symptoms evaluated based on:

• Age
• Sex
• Major presenting complaints:
  • Anterior neck swelling
    • Duration
    • Mode of onset
    • Rate of growth
    • Associated pain
• Pressure-related symptoms
  • Dysphagia, dyspnoea, hoarseness of voice, neck vein engorgement etc
• Review of systems to assess toxicity
  • CNS: tremors, irritability, mental disturbance
  • CVS: palpitation, dyspnoea, orthopnoea
  • GI: change of appetite, constipation, diarrhoea
  • Musculo skeletal system: bone pain, weight change, heat or cold preference, excessive sweating
• Past medical history
  • Previous medication, previous history of irradiation
• Family and social history
  • History of goitre in the family or in the community

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Goiter include:

• Swelling at the base of the neck
• Dysphagia (Difficulty swallowing)
• Hoarseness (Hoarse voice)
• Feeling of fullness/tightness may or may not be accompanied by choking sensation
• Dyspnea (Difficulty breathing)
• Cough

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

• Pain in the area of enlargement/swelling
• Wheeze
• Phrenic nerve paralysis
• Jugular vein compression or thrombosis (Rare)
• Cerebrovascular steal syndromes (Rare)
• Superior vena cava syndrome (Rare)