Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
<br /> | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
*The [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tumor tumor] [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Incidence incidence] has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9. | |||
*The [[Incidence (epidemiology)|Incidence]] of [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] is about 1 in 125,000-250,000 people each year, in children younger than 10 years, despite the fact that it is a rare disorder. | |||
===Prevalence=== | |||
*There is no data on the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Prevalence prevalence] of retinoblastoma. | |||
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | |||
*The [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mortality_rate mortality rate] of retinoblastoma differs according to the stage of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Disease disease] as well as the geographic region.<ref name="DimarasKimani2012">{{cite journal|last1=Dimaras|first1=Helen|last2=Kimani|first2=Kahaki|last3=Dimba|first3=Elizabeth AO|last4=Gronsdahl|first4=Peggy|last5=White|first5=Abby|last6=Chan|first6=Helen SL|last7=Gallie|first7=Brenda L|title=Retinoblastoma|journal=The Lancet|volume=379|issue=9824|year=2012|pages=1436–1446|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61137-9}}</ref> | |||
*In extraocular form of this [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Disorder disorder] is reported to be greater than 50%.<ref name="KimKathpalia2008">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=J W|last2=Kathpalia|first2=V|last3=Dunkel|first3=I J|last4=Wong|first4=R K|last5=Riedel|first5=E|last6=Abramson|first6=D H|title=Orbital recurrence of retinoblastoma following enucleation|journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=93|issue=4|year=2008|pages=463–467|issn=0007-1161|doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138453}}</ref> | |||
*However, [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tumors tumors] involving the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Optic_disc optic disc] superficially, are associated with 10% [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mortality_rate mortality rate].<ref name="Chévez-BarriosEagle2015">{{cite journal|last1=Chévez-Barrios|first1=Patricia|last2=Eagle|first2=Ralph C.|last3=Marback|first3=Eduardo F.|title=Histopathologic Features and Prognostic Factors|year=2015|pages=167–183|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_16}}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | |||
*The [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Median median] age at the time of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Diagnosis diagnosis] is 18 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }}</ref> | |||
*The average age at [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Diagnosis diagnosis] of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Disease disease] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bilateral bilateral] [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Disease disease] is 24 months and 12 months respectively.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }}</ref> | |||
*Cases of newly [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Diagnose diagnosed] retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Adult adults].<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }}</ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }}</ref> | |||
*In [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Adult adults], retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid26035399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA |title=NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS |journal=Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2483–8 |date=December 2015 |pmid=26035399 |doi=10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Syndrome syndrome] that occurs in 5% to 15% of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Patient patients] with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Heritable heritable] retinoblastoma and is defined by the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Development development] of an [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cranial intracranial] midline [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Neuroblast neuroblastic] [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tumor tumor], which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months. | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*Retinoblastoma affects [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Male males] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Female females] equally.<ref name="pmid9544909" /> | |||
===Race=== | |||
*There is no [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Racial racial] predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.<ref name="pmid9544909" /> | |||
===Region=== | |||
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Epidemiological Epidemiological] data indicates that retinoblastoma has a higher [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Incidence incidence] in some geographic areas.<ref>{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Arun | title = Clinical ophthalmic oncology | publisher = Elsevier Saunders | location = Edinburgh | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4160-3167-3 }}</ref> | |||
*The table below provides the highest worldwide [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Incidence_rate incidence rate] of retinoblastoma in children aged 0 - 4: | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The tumor incidence has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9.
- The Incidence of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is about 1 in 125,000-250,000 people each year, in children younger than 10 years, despite the fact that it is a rare disorder.
Prevalence
- There is no data on the prevalence of retinoblastoma.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of retinoblastoma differs according to the stage of the disease as well as the geographic region.[1]
- In extraocular form of this disorder is reported to be greater than 50%.[2]
- However, tumors involving the optic disc superficially, are associated with 10% mortality rate.[3]
Age
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.[4]
- The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[5]
- Cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.[6][7]
- In adults, retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.[8]
- Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic tumor, which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months.
Gender
Race
Region
- Epidemiological data indicates that retinoblastoma has a higher incidence in some geographic areas.[9]
- The table below provides the highest worldwide incidence rate of retinoblastoma in children aged 0 - 4:
References
- ↑ Dimaras, Helen; Kimani, Kahaki; Dimba, Elizabeth AO; Gronsdahl, Peggy; White, Abby; Chan, Helen SL; Gallie, Brenda L (2012). "Retinoblastoma". The Lancet. 379 (9824): 1436–1446. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61137-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Kim, J W; Kathpalia, V; Dunkel, I J; Wong, R K; Riedel, E; Abramson, D H (2008). "Orbital recurrence of retinoblastoma following enucleation". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 93 (4): 463–467. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138453. ISSN 0007-1161.
- ↑ Chévez-Barrios, Patricia; Eagle, Ralph C.; Marback, Eduardo F. (2015). "Histopathologic Features and Prognostic Factors": 167–183. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_16.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA (December 2015). "NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS". Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 35 (12): 2483–8. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612. PMID 26035399.
- ↑ Singh, Arun (2007). Clinical ophthalmic oncology. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-3167-3.