Primary biliary cirrhosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*The most potent risk factor in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is positive family history. Other risk factors include age (30-60 years), female sex, infections and environmental toxins.<ref name="pmid21297251">{{cite journal| author=Dronamraju D, Odin J, Bach N| title=Primary biliary cirrhosis: environmental risk factors. | journal=Dis Markers | year= 2010 | volume= 29 | issue= 6 | pages= 323-8 | pmid=21297251 | doi=10.3233/DMA-2010-0770 | pmc=3835530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21297251 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16250040">{{cite journal| author=Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J et al.| title=Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2005 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 1194-202 | pmid=16250040 | doi=10.1002/hep.20907 | pmc=3150736 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16250040 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15300581">{{cite journal| author=Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Ishibashi H, Invernizzi P, Gish RG et al.| title=Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2004 | volume= 127 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=15300581 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15300581 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11124815">{{cite journal| author=Parikh-Patel A, Gold EB, Worman H, Krivy KE, Gershwin ME| title=Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis in a cohort of patients from the united states. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2001 | volume= 33 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-21 | pmid=11124815 | doi=10.1053/jhep.2001.21165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11124815 }} </ref> | *The most potent risk factor in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is positive family history. Other risk factors include age (30-60 years), female sex, infections and environmental toxins.<ref name="pmid21297251">{{cite journal| author=Dronamraju D, Odin J, Bach N| title=Primary biliary cirrhosis: environmental risk factors. | journal=Dis Markers | year= 2010 | volume= 29 | issue= 6 | pages= 323-8 | pmid=21297251 | doi=10.3233/DMA-2010-0770 | pmc=3835530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21297251 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16250040">{{cite journal| author=Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J et al.| title=Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2005 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 1194-202 | pmid=16250040 | doi=10.1002/hep.20907 | pmc=3150736 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16250040 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15300581">{{cite journal| author=Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Ishibashi H, Invernizzi P, Gish RG et al.| title=Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2004 | volume= 127 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=15300581 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15300581 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11124815">{{cite journal| author=Parikh-Patel A, Gold EB, Worman H, Krivy KE, Gershwin ME| title=Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis in a cohort of patients from the united states. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2001 | volume= 33 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-21 | pmid=11124815 | doi=10.1053/jhep.2001.21165 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11124815 }} </ref> | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of Primary biliary cirrhosis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and microbial. | *Common risk factors in the development of Primary biliary cirrhosis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and microbial. | ||
Revision as of 22:12, 22 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. However, common risk factors in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and microbial.[1][2]
Risk Factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is positive family history. Other risk factors include age (30-60 years), female sex, infections and environmental toxins.[1][2][3][4]
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of Primary biliary cirrhosis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and microbial.
- Common risk factors in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis include:
- Age: 30-60 years of age at highest risk
- Sex: Female sex is at higher risk
- Geographic distribution: Increased risk in North America and northern Europe.
- Genetic predisposition: HLA-DRB1*0801 haplotype[3]
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of primary biliary cirrhosis include:
- Infections
- Cigarette smoking[5]
- Environmental toxins
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dronamraju D, Odin J, Bach N (2010). "Primary biliary cirrhosis: environmental risk factors". Dis Markers. 29 (6): 323–8. doi:10.3233/DMA-2010-0770. PMC 3835530. PMID 21297251.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gershwin ME, Selmi C, Worman HJ, Gold EB, Watnik M, Utts J; et al. (2005). "Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients". Hepatology. 42 (5): 1194–202. doi:10.1002/hep.20907. PMC 3150736. PMID 16250040.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Selmi C, Mayo MJ, Bach N, Ishibashi H, Invernizzi P, Gish RG; et al. (2004). "Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment". Gastroenterology. 127 (2): 485–92. PMID 15300581.
- ↑ Parikh-Patel A, Gold EB, Worman H, Krivy KE, Gershwin ME (2001). "Risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis in a cohort of patients from the united states". Hepatology. 33 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.21165. PMID 11124815.
- ↑ Coghlin J, Hammond SK, Gann PH (1989). "Development of epidemiologic tools for measuring environmental tobacco smoke exposure". Am J Epidemiol. 130 (4): 696–704. PMID 2773917.