Sandbox:Gunnam: Difference between revisions
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=== Historical Perspective === | === Historical Perspective === | ||
NAFLD is relatively new concept first introduced in 1980. Based on histology it is classified into the non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).NAFL mostly considered as a benign condition but recent studies show it can progress to NASH up to 44%.On the other hand NASH progress to fibrosis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC).<ref name="urlEvidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. - PubMed - NCBI">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477264 |title=Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. - PubMed - NCBI |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | NAFLD is relatively new concept first introduced in 1980. Based on histology it is classified into the non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).NAFL mostly considered as a benign condition but recent studies show it can progress to NASH up to 44%.On the other hand NASH progress to fibrosis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC).<ref name="urlEvidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. - PubMed - NCBI">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477264 |title=Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. - PubMed - NCBI |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>Rate of progression does not correlate with body mass index (BMI) or hyperlipidemia | ||
== Ptahophysiology == | |||
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood. | |||
OR | |||
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3]. | |||
OR | |||
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host. | |||
OR | |||
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell. | |||
OR | |||
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells]. | |||
OR | |||
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway]. | |||
OR | |||
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype. | |||
=== Risk Factors === | === Risk Factors === | ||
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* Patients who are having [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]] are more prone to develop Nafld<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash|title=Nafld|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/757336_2|title=Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | * Patients who are having [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]] are more prone to develop Nafld<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash|title=Nafld|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/757336_2|title=Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> | ||
*Patients with [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]] are also associated with developing NAFLD | *Less commonly Patients with [[hypertension]] and [[dyslipidemia]] are also associated with developing NAFLD | ||
Revision as of 18:43, 13 November 2017
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is due to the deposition of extra fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol. It is normal for the liver to contain some fat. However, when there is more than 5 -10 percent of the liver’s weight is fat, then it is called a fatty liver (steatosis).NAFLD is marked by inflammation that can progress to irreversible damage.NAFDL is similar to the damage caused by alcohol consumption in most of the cases. It is estimated that in united states approximately 80 to 100 million people are affected with NAFDL. NAFLD most commonly effects people in the age group 2-19 and 40-50 years.It is most commonly seen in Hispanic population when compared to Caucasian and African American populations
Historical Perspective
NAFLD is relatively new concept first introduced in 1980. Based on histology it is classified into the non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).NAFL mostly considered as a benign condition but recent studies show it can progress to NASH up to 44%.On the other hand NASH progress to fibrosis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC).[1]Rate of progression does not correlate with body mass index (BMI) or hyperlipidemia
Ptahophysiology
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of NAFLD is related to obesity which will result in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.[2][3]It is estimated that approximately 80% of the obese people suffer from NAFLD.[4]
- Patients who are having type 2 diabetes mellitus are more prone to develop Nafld[5][6]
- Less commonly Patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia are also associated with developing NAFLD
Signs and Symptoms
Usually, Nafdl [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease] presents with no or few symptoms and sighs but when it does it shows the following[7]
- Hepatomegaly
- Patient presents with fatigue
- Abdominal swelling (ascites)
- Enlarged breasts in men ( due to decreased estrogen clearance by liver damage )
- Pain in the upper right abdomen
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- ↑ "Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: implications for prognosis and clinical management. - PubMed - NCBI".
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease".
- ↑ Sung KC, Jeong WS, Wild SH, Byrne CD (2012). "Combined influence of insulin resistance, overweight/obesity, and fatty liver as risk factors for type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 35 (4): 717–22. doi:10.2337/dc11-1853. PMC 3308286. PMID 22338098.
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease".
- ↑ "Nafld".
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease".
- ↑ "Nafld".