Acute liver failure historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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* Horaczek's monograph contained several entities which he called bilious dyscrasia's. The more sever forms corresponds closely with hepatic coma and anatomically with acute yellow atrophy. | * Horaczek's monograph contained several entities which he called bilious dyscrasia's. The more sever forms corresponds closely with hepatic coma and anatomically with acute yellow atrophy. | ||
* Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop [[jaundice]] to [[encephalopathy]] within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | * Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop [[jaundice]] to [[encephalopathy]] within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | ||
* The term of ''acute liver failure'' was proposed by Kings college group. | * The term of ''acute liver failure'' was proposed by Kings college group.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sass DA, Shakil AO |title=Fulminant hepatic failure |journal=Liver Transpl. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=594-605 |year=2005 |pmid=15915484 |doi=10.1002/lt.20435}}</ref>. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Overview
Historical Perspective
- The hepatic and mental disturbance association dates back to Hippocrates ( about 460 – 375 B.C.).[1][2].
- In the sixteenth century, Ballonius was the first to describe hepatic coma.
- In 1660, Franciscus Rubeus and in 1725, Jacobus Vercellonius described liver failure further.
- Wickham Legg wrote a comprehensive review on acute liver atrophy in his book on liver diseases.
- In 1860, Frerichs described the terminal mental changes in patients with cirrhosis and yellow atrophy of the liver.
- The concept of inflammatory process was first described by Bright.[1]
- In 1970, Trey and Davidson introduced the term fulminant hepatic failure.
- Horaczek's monograph contained several entities which he called bilious dyscrasia's. The more sever forms corresponds closely with hepatic coma and anatomically with acute yellow atrophy.
- Later it was suggested that the term fulminant should be confined to patients who develop jaundice to encephalopathy within 2 weeks. Terms subfulminant hepatic failure and late onset hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively[3][4].
- The term of acute liver failure was proposed by Kings college group.[5].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kadam PD, Chuan HH (2016). "Erratum to: Rectocutaneous fistula with transmigration of the suture: a rare delayed complication of vault fixation with the sacrospinous ligament". Int Urogynecol J. 27 (3): 505. doi:10.1007/s00192-016-2952-5. PMID 26811110.
- ↑ Trey C, Davidson CS (1970). "The management of fulminant hepatic failure". Progress in liver diseases. 3: 282–98. PMID 4908702.
- ↑ Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T; et al. (1986). "Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B". Hepatology. 6 (4): 648–51. PMID 3732998.
- ↑ Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R (1986). "Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features". Hepatology. 6 (2): 288–94. PMID 3082735.
- ↑ Sass DA, Shakil AO (2005). "Fulminant hepatic failure". Liver Transpl. 11 (6): 594–605. doi:10.1002/lt.20435. PMID 15915484.