Oral cancer primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
* Effective measures for the primary prevention of oral cancer include: | |||
** Tobacco cessation | |||
Based on solid evidence, cessation of exposure to tobacco (e.g., cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) leads to a decrease in the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and [[oropharynx]]. | *** Based on solid evidence, cessation of exposure to tobacco (e.g., cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) leads to a decrease in the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and [[oropharynx]]. | ||
** Cessation of alcohol consumption | |||
*** Based on fair evidence, cessation of alcohol consumption leads to a decrease in oral cavity cancer, but not until approximately 10 years after cessation. | |||
*** For cancer of the oropharynx, reduction in risk does not occur until approximately 20 years after cessation. | |||
Based on fair evidence, cessation of alcohol consumption leads to a decrease in oral cavity cancer, but not until approximately 10 years after cessation. For cancer of the oropharynx, reduction in risk does not occur until approximately 20 years after cessation. | ** Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine | ||
*** Vaccination against HPV 16 and 18 has been shown to prevent more than 90% of oral HPV 16/18 infections within 4 years of vaccination. | |||
*** Given the relatively recent onset of vaccination adoption and the age at which individuals are vaccinated, there is not yet evidence that [[vaccination]] at a young age will lead to a substantially reduced risk of HPV-associated [[oropharyngeal]] cancer later in life. | |||
Vaccination against HPV 16 and 18 has been shown to prevent more than 90% of oral HPV 16/18 infections within 4 years of vaccination. Given the relatively recent onset of vaccination adoption and the age at which individuals are vaccinated, there is not yet evidence that [[vaccination]] at a young age will lead to a substantially reduced risk of HPV-associated [[oropharyngeal]] cancer later in life. In addition, no data are available to examine whether [[incidence]] or [[mortality]] would be reduced if vaccination occurred at an age closer to that at which oropharyngeal cancers tend to present.<ref>{{ | *** In addition, no data are available to examine whether [[incidence]] or [[mortality]] would be reduced if vaccination occurred at an age closer to that at which oropharyngeal cancers tend to present.<ref name="pmid25443678">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huber MA, Tantiwongkosi B |title=Oral and oropharyngeal cancer |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=1299–321 |year=2014 |pmid=25443678 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.005 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:33, 8 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Effective measures for the primary prevention of oral cancer include tobacco cessation, alcohol cessation, eating variety of fruits and vegetables, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
Primary Prevention
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of oral cancer include:
- Tobacco cessation
- Based on solid evidence, cessation of exposure to tobacco (e.g., cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) leads to a decrease in the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
- Cessation of alcohol consumption
- Based on fair evidence, cessation of alcohol consumption leads to a decrease in oral cavity cancer, but not until approximately 10 years after cessation.
- For cancer of the oropharynx, reduction in risk does not occur until approximately 20 years after cessation.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
- Vaccination against HPV 16 and 18 has been shown to prevent more than 90% of oral HPV 16/18 infections within 4 years of vaccination.
- Given the relatively recent onset of vaccination adoption and the age at which individuals are vaccinated, there is not yet evidence that vaccination at a young age will lead to a substantially reduced risk of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer later in life.
- In addition, no data are available to examine whether incidence or mortality would be reduced if vaccination occurred at an age closer to that at which oropharyngeal cancers tend to present.[1]
- Tobacco cessation
References
- ↑ Huber MA, Tantiwongkosi B (2014). "Oral and oropharyngeal cancer". Med. Clin. North Am. 98 (6): 1299–321. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.005. PMID 25443678.