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Ischemic colitis may be classified on the degree of the [[Histopathology|histopathological]] damage in the [[Colon (anatomy)|colonic]] wall: reversible colopathy ([[Submucosa|submucosal]] or intramural bleeding), transient colitis, chronic segmental [[ischemia]], [[Gangrene|gangrenous]] [[colitis]], and universal [[fulminant]] [[colitis]]. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] [[Ischemia|ischemic]] [[colitis]] or [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[Ischemia|ischemic]] [[colitis]]. | Ischemic colitis may be classified on the degree of the [[Histopathology|histopathological]] damage in the [[Colon (anatomy)|colonic]] wall: reversible colopathy ([[Submucosa|submucosal]] or intramural bleeding), transient colitis, chronic segmental [[ischemia]], [[Gangrene|gangrenous]] [[colitis]], and universal [[fulminant]] [[colitis]]. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] [[Ischemia|ischemic]] [[colitis]] or [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[Ischemia|ischemic]] [[colitis]]. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Ischemic colitis can be classified into:<ref name="pmid3045452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunter GC, Guernsey JM |title=Mesenteric ischemia |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=1091–115 |year=1988 |pmid=3045452 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="NikolicKeck2017">{{cite journal|last1=Nikolic|first1=Amanda L.|last2=Keck|first2=James O.|title=Ischaemic colitis: uncertainty in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management|journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery|year=2017|issn=14451433|doi=10.1111/ans.14237}}</ref><ref name="MontoroBrandt2010">{{cite journal|last1=Montoro|first1=Miguel A.|last2=Brandt|first2=Lawrence J.|last3=Santolaria|first3=Santos|last4=Gomollon|first4=Fernando|last5=Puértolas|first5=Belén Sánchez|last6=Vera|first6=Jesús|last7=Bujanda|first7=Luis.|last8=Cosme|first8=Angel|last9=Cabriada|first9=José Luis|last10=Durán|first10=Margarita|last11=Mata|first11=Laura|last12=Santamaría|first12=Ana|last13=Ceña|first13=Gloria|last14=Blas|first14=Jose Manuel|last15=Ponce|first15=Julio|last16=Ponce|first16=Marta|last17=Rodrigo|first17=Luis|last18=Ortiz|first18=Jacobo|last19=Muñoz|first19=Carmen|last20=Arozena|first20=Gloria|last21=Ginard|first21=Daniel|last22=López-Serrano|first22=Antonio|last23=Castro|first23=Manuel|last24=Sans|first24=Miquel|last25=Campo|first25=Rafael|last26=Casalots|first26=Alex|last27=Orive|first27=Víctor|last28=Loizate|first28=Alberto|last29=Titó|first29=Lluçia|last30=Portabella|first30=Eva|last31=Otazua|first31=Pedro|last32=Calvo|first32=M.|last33=Botella|first33=Maria Teresa|last34=Thomson|first34=Concepción|last35=Mundi|first35=Jose Luis|last36=Quintero|first36=Enrique|last37=Nicolás|first37=David|last38=Borda|first38=Fernando|last39=Martinez|first39=Benito|last40=Gisbert|first40=Javier P.|last41=Chaparro|first41=María|last42=Bernadó|first42=Alfredo Jimenez|last43=Gómez-Camacho|first43=Federico|last44=Cerezo|first44=Antonio|last45=Nuñez|first45=Enrique Casal|title=Clinical patterns and outcomes of ischaemic colitis: Results of the Working Group for the Study of Ischaemic Colitis in Spain (CIE study)|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=46|issue=2|year=2010|pages=236–246|issn=0036-5521|doi=10.3109/00365521.2010.525794}}</ref><ref name="O’NeillElder2011">{{cite journal|last1=O’Neill|first1=Stephen|last2=Elder|first2=Kenny|last3=Harrison|first3=Sarah J.|last4=Yalamarthi|first4=Satheesh|title=Predictors of severity in ischaemic colitis|journal=International Journal of Colorectal Disease|volume=27|issue=2|year=2011|pages=187–191|issn=0179-1958|doi=10.1007/s00384-011-1301-x}}</ref> | Ischemic colitis can be classified into below types based on clinical curse:<ref name="pmid3045452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunter GC, Guernsey JM |title=Mesenteric ischemia |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=1091–115 |year=1988 |pmid=3045452 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="NikolicKeck2017">{{cite journal|last1=Nikolic|first1=Amanda L.|last2=Keck|first2=James O.|title=Ischaemic colitis: uncertainty in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management|journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery|year=2017|issn=14451433|doi=10.1111/ans.14237}}</ref><ref name="MontoroBrandt2010">{{cite journal|last1=Montoro|first1=Miguel A.|last2=Brandt|first2=Lawrence J.|last3=Santolaria|first3=Santos|last4=Gomollon|first4=Fernando|last5=Puértolas|first5=Belén Sánchez|last6=Vera|first6=Jesús|last7=Bujanda|first7=Luis.|last8=Cosme|first8=Angel|last9=Cabriada|first9=José Luis|last10=Durán|first10=Margarita|last11=Mata|first11=Laura|last12=Santamaría|first12=Ana|last13=Ceña|first13=Gloria|last14=Blas|first14=Jose Manuel|last15=Ponce|first15=Julio|last16=Ponce|first16=Marta|last17=Rodrigo|first17=Luis|last18=Ortiz|first18=Jacobo|last19=Muñoz|first19=Carmen|last20=Arozena|first20=Gloria|last21=Ginard|first21=Daniel|last22=López-Serrano|first22=Antonio|last23=Castro|first23=Manuel|last24=Sans|first24=Miquel|last25=Campo|first25=Rafael|last26=Casalots|first26=Alex|last27=Orive|first27=Víctor|last28=Loizate|first28=Alberto|last29=Titó|first29=Lluçia|last30=Portabella|first30=Eva|last31=Otazua|first31=Pedro|last32=Calvo|first32=M.|last33=Botella|first33=Maria Teresa|last34=Thomson|first34=Concepción|last35=Mundi|first35=Jose Luis|last36=Quintero|first36=Enrique|last37=Nicolás|first37=David|last38=Borda|first38=Fernando|last39=Martinez|first39=Benito|last40=Gisbert|first40=Javier P.|last41=Chaparro|first41=María|last42=Bernadó|first42=Alfredo Jimenez|last43=Gómez-Camacho|first43=Federico|last44=Cerezo|first44=Antonio|last45=Nuñez|first45=Enrique Casal|title=Clinical patterns and outcomes of ischaemic colitis: Results of the Working Group for the Study of Ischaemic Colitis in Spain (CIE study)|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=46|issue=2|year=2010|pages=236–246|issn=0036-5521|doi=10.3109/00365521.2010.525794}}</ref><ref name="O’NeillElder2011">{{cite journal|last1=O’Neill|first1=Stephen|last2=Elder|first2=Kenny|last3=Harrison|first3=Sarah J.|last4=Yalamarthi|first4=Satheesh|title=Predictors of severity in ischaemic colitis|journal=International Journal of Colorectal Disease|volume=27|issue=2|year=2011|pages=187–191|issn=0179-1958|doi=10.1007/s00384-011-1301-x}}</ref> | ||
* Reversible ischemic colopathy | * Reversible ischemic colopathy | ||
Revision as of 19:37, 11 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]; Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [3]
Overview
Ischemic colitis may be classified on the degree of the histopathological damage in the colonic wall: reversible colopathy (submucosal or intramural bleeding), transient colitis, chronic segmental ischemia, gangrenous colitis, and universal fulminant colitis. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: acute ischemic colitis or chronic ischemic colitis.
Classification
Ischemic colitis can be classified into below types based on clinical curse:[1][2][3][4]
- Reversible ischemic colopathy
- Characterized by submucosal hemorrhage at endoscopy, with involvement of superficial mucosa.
- Self-limiting
- Transient: the most common form
- Present with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and full-thickness involvement of the mucosa.
- Chronic segmental or chronic ulcerative
- Persistent symptoms or recurrent episodes of pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and segmental colitis on imaging.
- Resection is usually curative.
- Gangrenous colitis
- Suspected when there is increasing abdominal pain, signs of local or generalized peritonitis, fevers or ileus.
- Universal fulminant pancolitis
- Presents acutely with severe symptoms, progressive transmural infarction and necrosis of the entire colon, resultant sepsis and perforation.
- 75% mortality rate.
- Symptoms include sepsis, severe abdominal pain, peritonitis and rectal bleeding.
| Classification of ischemic colitis by percentage | |
|---|---|
| Cancers | Percentage (%) |
| Reversible ischemic colopathy | 3-26.1 |
| Transient | 45 |
| Chronic segmental or ulcerative | 17.9-25 |
| Ischemic colonic stricture | 10-15 |
| Gangrenous colitis | 9.9-19 |
| Universal fulminant pancolitis | 1-2.5 |
Ischemic colitis can be classified based on its clinical course into two types:
- Acute ischemic colitis
- Occlusive
- Due to arterial or venous thrombosis blocking blood supply.
- Non-Occlusive
- Due to hypoperfusion of the colon.
- Occlusive
- Chronic ischemic colitis.
| Ischemic colitis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acute ischemic colitis | Chronic ischemic colitis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occlusive | Non-occlusive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Hunter GC, Guernsey JM (1988). "Mesenteric ischemia". Med. Clin. North Am. 72 (5): 1091–115. PMID 3045452.
- ↑ Nikolic, Amanda L.; Keck, James O. (2017). "Ischaemic colitis: uncertainty in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management". ANZ Journal of Surgery. doi:10.1111/ans.14237. ISSN 1445-1433.
- ↑ Montoro, Miguel A.; Brandt, Lawrence J.; Santolaria, Santos; Gomollon, Fernando; Puértolas, Belén Sánchez; Vera, Jesús; Bujanda, Luis.; Cosme, Angel; Cabriada, José Luis; Durán, Margarita; Mata, Laura; Santamaría, Ana; Ceña, Gloria; Blas, Jose Manuel; Ponce, Julio; Ponce, Marta; Rodrigo, Luis; Ortiz, Jacobo; Muñoz, Carmen; Arozena, Gloria; Ginard, Daniel; López-Serrano, Antonio; Castro, Manuel; Sans, Miquel; Campo, Rafael; Casalots, Alex; Orive, Víctor; Loizate, Alberto; Titó, Lluçia; Portabella, Eva; Otazua, Pedro; Calvo, M.; Botella, Maria Teresa; Thomson, Concepción; Mundi, Jose Luis; Quintero, Enrique; Nicolás, David; Borda, Fernando; Martinez, Benito; Gisbert, Javier P.; Chaparro, María; Bernadó, Alfredo Jimenez; Gómez-Camacho, Federico; Cerezo, Antonio; Nuñez, Enrique Casal (2010). "Clinical patterns and outcomes of ischaemic colitis: Results of the Working Group for the Study of Ischaemic Colitis in Spain (CIE study)". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46 (2): 236–246. doi:10.3109/00365521.2010.525794. ISSN 0036-5521.
- ↑ O’Neill, Stephen; Elder, Kenny; Harrison, Sarah J.; Yalamarthi, Satheesh (2011). "Predictors of severity in ischaemic colitis". International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 27 (2): 187–191. doi:10.1007/s00384-011-1301-x. ISSN 0179-1958.