Multiple sclerosis causes: Difference between revisions
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==== Autoimmunity: ==== | ==== Autoimmunity: ==== | ||
The main [[hypothesis]] regarding [[MS]] [[etiology]] is that it is caused by an [[autoimmune reaction]] against [[central nervous system]] ([[CNS]]). Self reactive [[T cell|T cells]] which has been activated by a foreign ([[virus]] for example) or native factor, will attack the [[myelin sheath]] around the [[neurons]]. <ref name="pmid19300953">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korn T |title=Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis |journal=J. Neurol. |volume=255 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=2–6 |year=2008 |pmid=19300953 |doi=10.1007/s00415-008-6001-2 |url=}}</ref> Presents of autoreactive [[T cell|T cells]] and myelin basic protein-specific [[CD4+ T cells]] in the [[peripheral blood smear]] of [[MS]] [[Patient|patients]] supports the [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune]] [[hypothesis]]. <ref name="pmid1700336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, Whitaker JN, Albert E, Kappos L, Wekerle H |title=Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals |journal=Neurology |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1770–6 |year=1990 |pmid=1700336 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid11017150">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bielekova B, Goodwin B, Richert N, Cortese I, Kondo T, Afshar G, Gran B, Eaton J, Antel J, Frank JA, McFarland HF, Martin R |title=Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1167–75 |year=2000 |pmid=11017150 |doi=10.1038/80516 |url=}}</ref> | The main [[hypothesis]] regarding [[MS]] [[etiology]] is that it is caused by an [[autoimmune reaction]] against [[central nervous system]] ([[CNS]]).<ref name="pmid18970977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Compston A, Coles A |title=Multiple sclerosis |journal=Lancet |volume=372 |issue=9648 |pages=1502–17 |year=2008 |pmid=18970977 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7 |url=}}</ref> Self reactive [[T cell|T cells]] which has been activated by a foreign ([[virus]] for example) or native factor, will attack the [[myelin sheath]] around the [[neurons]]. <ref name="pmid19300953">{{cite journal |vauthors=Korn T |title=Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis |journal=J. Neurol. |volume=255 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=2–6 |year=2008 |pmid=19300953 |doi=10.1007/s00415-008-6001-2 |url=}}</ref> Presents of autoreactive [[T cell|T cells]] and myelin basic protein-specific [[CD4+ T cells]] in the [[peripheral blood smear]] of [[MS]] [[Patient|patients]] supports the [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune]] [[hypothesis]]. <ref name="pmid1700336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, Whitaker JN, Albert E, Kappos L, Wekerle H |title=Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals |journal=Neurology |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1770–6 |year=1990 |pmid=1700336 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid11017150">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bielekova B, Goodwin B, Richert N, Cortese I, Kondo T, Afshar G, Gran B, Eaton J, Antel J, Frank JA, McFarland HF, Martin R |title=Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1167–75 |year=2000 |pmid=11017150 |doi=10.1038/80516 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==== Genetic: ==== | ==== Genetic: ==== | ||
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Overview
Causes
Multiple sclerosis may be caused by:
Autoimmunity:
The main hypothesis regarding MS etiology is that it is caused by an autoimmune reaction against central nervous system (CNS).[1] Self reactive T cells which has been activated by a foreign (virus for example) or native factor, will attack the myelin sheath around the neurons. [2] Presents of autoreactive T cells and myelin basic protein-specific CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood smear of MS patients supports the autoimmune hypothesis. [3] [4]
Genetic:
Infectious:
Degenerative:
References
- ↑ Compston A, Coles A (2008). "Multiple sclerosis". Lancet. 372 (9648): 1502–17. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7. PMID 18970977.
- ↑ Korn T (2008). "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis". J. Neurol. 255 Suppl 6: 2–6. doi:10.1007/s00415-008-6001-2. PMID 19300953.
- ↑ Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, Whitaker JN, Albert E, Kappos L, Wekerle H (1990). "Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals". Neurology. 40 (11): 1770–6. PMID 1700336.
- ↑ Bielekova B, Goodwin B, Richert N, Cortese I, Kondo T, Afshar G, Gran B, Eaton J, Antel J, Frank JA, McFarland HF, Martin R (2000). "Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand". Nat. Med. 6 (10): 1167–75. doi:10.1038/80516. PMID 11017150.