Cholangiocarcinoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
* | *The epithelial cell lining the bile ducts are called cholangiocytes. The malignant transformsation of cholangiocytes leads to cholangiocarcinoma.<ref name="FavaLorenzini2012">{{cite journal|last1=Fava|first1=G.|last2=Lorenzini|first2=I.|title=Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–7|issn=2090-3448|doi=10.1155/2012/630543}}</ref> | ||
* | *Malignant transformation of cholangiocytes into cholangiocarcinoma include following stages:<ref name="targeting">{{cite journal |author=Sirica A |title=Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy |journal=Hepatology |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=5–15 |year=2005 |id=PMID 15690474}}</ref> | ||
* | *#Hyperplasia | ||
*#Metaplasia | |||
*#Dysplasia | |||
*#Frank carcinoma | |||
*Progression of malignancy is believed to be due to:<ref name="targeting"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler M |title=Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a pathogenetic multi-stage cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma |journal=Ann Oncol |volume=10 Suppl 4 |issue= |pages=122-6 |year= |id=PMID 10436802}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gores G |title=Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights |journal=Hepatology |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=961-9 |year=2003 |id=PMID 12717374}}</ref> | |||
**Inflammation | |||
**Obstruction of bile ducts | |||
**Biliary intraepithelia neoplasia | |||
*Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia is believed to be the initial lesion of cholangiocarcinoma, particularly in patients with hepatolithiasis in bile ducts. | |||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
Revision as of 18:56, 2 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The epithelial cell lining the bile ducts are called cholangiocytes. The malignant transformsation of cholangiocytes leads to cholangiocarcinoma.[1]
- Malignant transformation of cholangiocytes into cholangiocarcinoma include following stages:[2]
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
- Frank carcinoma
- Progression of malignancy is believed to be due to:[2][3][4]
- Inflammation
- Obstruction of bile ducts
- Biliary intraepithelia neoplasia
- Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia is believed to be the initial lesion of cholangiocarcinoma, particularly in patients with hepatolithiasis in bile ducts.
Genetics
- [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
- The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Fava, G.; Lorenzini, I. (2012). "Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma". International Journal of Hepatology. 2012: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2012/630543. ISSN 2090-3448.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sirica A (2005). "Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy". Hepatology. 41 (1): 5–15. PMID 15690474.
- ↑ Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler M. "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a pathogenetic multi-stage cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma". Ann Oncol. 10 Suppl 4: 122–6. PMID 10436802.
- ↑ Gores G (2003). "Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights". Hepatology. 37 (5): 961–9. PMID 12717374.