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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| Common causes of liver mass incude:<ref name="pmid26770920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Lee E, Jang HJ |title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Clin Mol Hepatol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=326–43 |year=2015 |pmid=26770920 |pmc=4712159 |doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Ferrell2000">{{cite journal|last1=Ferrell|first1=Linda|title=Liver Pathology: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis and Primary Liver Tumors. Update and Diagnostic Problems|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=13|issue=6|year=2000|pages=679–704|issn=0893-3952|doi=10.1038/modpathol.3880119}}</ref><ref name="KimLee2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref><ref name="DooLee2009">{{cite journal|last1=Doo|first1=Kyung Won|last2=Lee|first2=Chang Hee|last3=Choi|first3=Jae Woong|last4=Lee|first4=Jongmee|last5=Kim|first5=Kyeong Ah|last6=Park|first6=Cheol Min|title=“Pseudo Washout” Sign in High-Flow Hepatic Hemangioma on Gadoxetic Acid Contrast-Enhanced MRI Mimicking Hypervascular Tumor|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=193|issue=6|year=2009|pages=W490–W496|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1732}}</ref><ref name="pmid17510541">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zech CJ, Herrmann KA, Reiser MF, Schoenberg SO |title=MR imaging in patients with suspected liver metastases: value of liver-specific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA |journal=Magn Reson Med Sci |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=43–52 |year=2007 |pmid=17510541 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="ChengTsai1995">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=H C|last2=Tsai|first2=S H|last3=Chiang|first3=J H|last4=Chang|first4=C Y|title=Hyalinized liver hemangioma mimicking malignant tumor at MR imaging.|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=165|issue=4|year=1995|pages=1016–1017|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.165.4.7676959}}</ref><ref name="pmid1370873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haratake J, Horie A, Nagafuchi Y |title=Hyalinized hemangioma of the liver |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=234–6 |year=1992 |pmid=1370873 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="TakayasuMoriyama1986">{{cite journal|last1=Takayasu|first1=K|last2=Moriyama|first2=N|last3=Shima|first3=Y|last4=Muramatsu|first4=Y|last5=Yamada|first5=T|last6=Makuuchi|first6=M|last7=Yamasaki|first7=S|last8=Hirohashi|first8=S|title=Atypical radiographic findings in hepatic cavernous hemangioma: correlation with histologic features|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=146|issue=6|year=1986|pages=1149–1153|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.146.6.1149}}</ref><ref name="pmid11039718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamashita Y, Shimada M, Taguchi K, Gion T, Hasegawa H, Utsunomiya T, Hamatsu T, Matsumata T, Sugimachi K |title=Hepatic sclerosing hemangioma mimicking a metastatic liver tumor: report of a case |journal=Surg. Today |volume=30 |issue=9 |pages=849–52 |year=2000 |pmid=11039718 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimLee20152">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Eunchae|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|title=Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|pages=326|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2015.21.4.326}}</ref>
| |
| *Hepatic cellular carcinoma
| |
| *[[Angiomyolipoma]]<ref name="LeeKim2012">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=So Jung|last2=Kim|first2=So Yeon|last3=Kim|first3=Kyoung Won|last4=Shin|first4=Yong Moon|last5=Kim|first5=Hyoung Jung|last6=Lee|first6=Jong Seok|last7=Kim|first7=Sun A|title=Hepatic angiomyolipoma with minimal fat, mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Clinical and Molecular Hepatology|volume=18|issue=3|year=2012|pages=330|issn=2287-2728|doi=10.3350/cmh.2012.18.3.330}}</ref><ref name="pmid25231411">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim R, Lee JM, Joo I, Lee DH, Woo S, Han JK, Choi BI |title=Differentiation of lipid poor angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MR imaging |journal=Abdom Imaging |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=531–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25231411 |doi=10.1007/s00261-014-0244-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19200676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jeon TY, Kim SH, Lim HK, Lee WJ |title=Assessment of triple-phase CT findings for the differentiation of fat-deficient hepatic angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=601–6 |year=2010 |pmid=19200676 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.010 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Adenoma]]
| |
| *Borderline (high-grade [[Dysplasia|dysplastic]]) [[Nodule (medicine)|nodule]]
| |
| *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]<ref name="KimChoi1997">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=T K|last2=Choi|first2=B I|last3=Han|first3=J K|last4=Jang|first4=H J|last5=Cho|first5=S G|last6=Han|first6=M C|title=Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings.|journal=Radiology|volume=204|issue=2|year=1997|pages=539–543|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240550}}</ref><ref name="pmid9562062">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK |title=MRI of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=359–66 |year=1998 |pmid=9562062 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="GuoXu2015">{{cite journal|last1=Guo|first1=Le-Hang|last2=Xu|first2=Hui-Xiong|title=Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Controversy over the ASSLD Guideline|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2015|year=2015|pages=1–5|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2015/349172}}</ref><ref name="WilsonKim2007">{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Stephanie R.|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|title=Enhancement Patterns of Focal Liver Masses: Discordance Between Contrast-Enhanced Sonography and Contrast-Enhanced CT and MRI|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=189|issue=1|year=2007|pages=W7–W12|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.06.1060}}</ref>
| |
| *Confluent [[fibrosis]]<ref name="pmid8511316">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohtomo K, Baron RL, Dodd GD, Federle MP, Miller WJ, Campbell WL, Confer SR, Weber KM |title=Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: appearance at CT |journal=Radiology |volume=188 |issue=1 |pages=31–5 |year=1993 |pmid=8511316 |doi=10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511316 |url=}}</ref><ref name="HussainSyed2004">{{cite journal|last1=Hussain|first1=Hero K.|last2=Syed|first2=Ibrahim|last3=Nghiem|first3=Hanh V.|last4=Johnson|first4=Timothy D.|last5=Carlos|first5=Ruth C.|last6=Weadock|first6=William J.|last7=Francis|first7=Isaac R.|title=T2-weighted MR Imaging in the Assessment of Cirrhotic Liver|journal=Radiology|volume=230|issue=3|year=2004|pages=637–644|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.2303020921}}</ref><ref name="pmid8234718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohtomo K, Baron RL, Dodd GD, Federle MP, Ohtomo Y, Confer SR |title=Confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis: evaluation with MR imaging |journal=Radiology |volume=189 |issue=3 |pages=871–4 |year=1993 |pmid=8234718 |doi=10.1148/radiology.189.3.8234718 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19380559">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brancatelli G, Baron RL, Federle MP, Sparacia G, Pealer K |title=Focal confluent fibrosis in cirrhotic liver: natural history studied with serial CT |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=192 |issue=5 |pages=1341–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19380559 |doi=10.2214/AJR.07.2782 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15050225">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelekis NL, Makri E, Vassiou A, Patsiaoura K, Spiridakis M, Dalekos GN |title=Confluent hepatic fibrosis as the presenting imaging sign in nonadvanced alcoholic cirrhosis |journal=Clin Imaging |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=124–7 |year=2004 |pmid=15050225 |doi=10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00243-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9880618">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ooi CG, Chan KL, Peh WC, Saing H, Ngan H |title=Confluent hepatic fibrosis in monozygotic twins |journal=Pediatr Radiol |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=53–5 |year=1999 |pmid=9880618 |doi=10.1007/s002470050534 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23688409">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park YS, Lee CH, Kim BH, Lee J, Choi JW, Kim KA, Ahn JH, Park CM |title=Using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI for the differentiation of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma and focal confluent fibrosis in liver cirrhosis |journal=Magn Reson Imaging |volume=31 |issue=7 |pages=1137–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23688409 |doi=10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.011 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]<ref name="pmid11906867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Golfieri R, Lencioni R |title=Large regenerative nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome and other vascular disorders of the liver: CT and MR imaging findings with clinicopathologic correlation |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=178 |issue=4 |pages=877–83 |year=2002 |pmid=11906867 |doi=10.2214/ajr.178.4.1780877 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12110714">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Golfieri R, Lencioni R |title=Benign regenerative nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome and other vascular disorders of the liver: radiologic-pathologic and clinical correlation |journal=Radiographics |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=847–62 |year=2002 |pmid=12110714 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.22.4.g02jl17847 |url=}}</ref><ref name="NewerlaSchaeffer2012">{{cite journal|last1=Newerla|first1=Caroline|last2=Schaeffer|first2=Fabienne|last3=Terracciano|first3=Luigi|last4=Hohmann|first4=Joachim|title=Multiple FNH-Like Lesions in a Patient with Chronic Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Gd-EOB-Enhanced MRI and BR1 CEUS Findings|journal=Case Reports in Radiology|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–5|issn=2090-6862|doi=10.1155/2012/685486}}</ref><ref name="pmid22618456">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoneda N, Matsui O, Kitao A, Kita R, Kozaka K, Koda W, Kobayashi S, Gabata T, Ikeda H, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y |title=Hepatocyte transporter expression in FNH and FNH-like nodule: correlation with signal intensity on gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance images |journal=Jpn J Radiol |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=499–508 |year=2012 |pmid=22618456 |doi=10.1007/s11604-012-0085-4 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *Focal fat sparing and deposit on liver<ref name="MatsuiKadoya1995">{{cite journal|last1=Matsui|first1=O|last2=Kadoya|first2=M|last3=Takahashi|first3=S|last4=Yoshikawa|first4=J|last5=Gabata|first5=T|last6=Takashima|first6=T|last7=Kitagawa|first7=K|title=Focal sparing of segment IV in fatty livers shown by sonography and CT: correlation with aberrant gastric venous drainage.|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=164|issue=5|year=1995|pages=1137–1140|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.164.5.7717220}}</ref><ref name="pmid10101644">{{cite journal |vauthors=Itai Y, Matsui O |title='Nonportal' splanchnic venous supply to the liver: abnormal findings on CT, US and MRI |journal=Eur Radiol |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=237–43 |year=1999 |pmid=10101644 |doi=10.1007/s003300050661 |url=}}</ref><ref name="NicolauBr�2004">{{cite journal|last1=Nicolau|first1=C.|last2=Br�|first2=C.|title=Focal liver lesions: evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography|journal=Abdominal Imaging|volume=29|issue=3|year=2004|issn=0942-8925|doi=10.1007/s00261-003-0117-8}}</ref><ref name="pmid17102041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamer OW, Aguirre DA, Casola G, Lavine JE, Woenckhaus M, Sirlin CB |title=Fatty liver: imaging patterns and pitfalls |journal=Radiographics |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1637–53 |year=2006 |pmid=17102041 |doi=10.1148/rg.266065004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16100085">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamer OW, Aguirre DA, Casola G, Sirlin CB |title=Imaging features of perivascular fatty infiltration of the liver: initial observations |journal=Radiology |volume=237 |issue=1 |pages=159–69 |year=2005 |pmid=16100085 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2371041580 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Gallbladder cancer]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<ref name="MemeoStabile Ianora2004">{{cite journal|last1=Memeo|first1=M.|last2=Stabile Ianora|first2=A. A.|last3=Scardapane|first3=A.|last4=Buonamico|first4=P.|last5=Sabbà|first5=C.|last6=Angelelli|first6=G.|title=Hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia:|journal=Abdominal Imaging|volume=29|issue=2|year=2004|pages=211–220|issn=0942-8925|doi=10.1007/s00261-003-0101-3}}</ref><ref name="pmid18203937">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siddiki H, Doherty MG, Fletcher JG, Stanson AW, Vrtiska TJ, Hough DM, Fidler JL, McCollough CH, Swanson KL |title=Abdominal findings in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: pictorial essay on 2D and 3D findings with isotropic multiphase CT |journal=Radiographics |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=171–84 |year=2008 |pmid=18203937 |doi=10.1148/rg.281075037 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8816509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oliver JH, Baron RL |title=Helical biphasic contrast-enhanced CT of the liver: technique, indications, interpretation, and pitfalls |journal=Radiology |volume=201 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |year=1996 |pmid=8816509 |doi=10.1148/radiology.201.1.8816509 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9169697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yu JS, Kim KW, Sung KB, Lee JT, Yoo HS |title=Small arterial-portal venous shunts: a cause of pseudolesions at hepatic imaging |journal=Radiology |volume=203 |issue=3 |pages=737–42 |year=1997 |pmid=9169697 |doi=10.1148/radiology.203.3.9169697 |url=}}</ref><ref name="WuSaluja2006">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Jim S.|last2=Saluja|first2=Sanjay|last3=Garcia-Tsao|first3=Guadalupe|last4=Chong|first4=Alice|last5=Henderson|first5=Katherine J.|last6=White|first6=Robert I.|title=Liver Involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: CT and Clinical Findings Do Not Correlate in Symptomatic Patients|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=187|issue=4|year=2006|pages=W399–W405|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.05.1068}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] pseudotumors<ref name="ItaiMatsui1997">{{cite journal|last1=Itai|first1=Y|last2=Matsui|first2=O|title=Blood flow and liver imaging.|journal=Radiology|volume=202|issue=2|year=1997|pages=306–314|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.202.2.9015047}}</ref><ref name="MathieuVasile1985"><nowiki>{{cite</nowiki></ref><ref name="pmid3881794">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mathieu D, Vasile N, Dibie C, Grenier P |title=Portal cavernoma: dynamic CT features and transient differences in hepatic attenuation |journal=Radiology |volume=154 |issue=3 |pages=743–8 |year=1985 |pmid=3881794 |doi=10.1148/radiology.154.3.3881794 |url=}}</ref><ref>Itai Y, Murata S, Saida Y, Minami M. Central zone and peripheral zone of the liver based on portal and hepatic arterial blood supply: imaging approach to deformity of cirrhotic liver. Jpn J Clin Radiol. 1994;39:1553–1559</ref>
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| *[[Hemangioma|Liver hemangioma]]<ref name="KimLee2011">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Tae Kyoung|last2=Lee|first2=Kyoung Ho|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun–Jung|last4=Haider|first4=Masoom A.|last5=Jacks|first5=Lindsay M.|last6=Menezes|first6=Ravi J.|last7=Park|first7=Seong Ho|last8=Yazdi|first8=Leyla|last9=Sherman|first9=Morris|last10=Khalili|first10=Korosh|title=Analysis of Gadobenate Dimeglumine–enhanced MR Findings for Characterizing Small (1–2-cm) Hepatic Nodules in Patients at High Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma|journal=Radiology|volume=259|issue=3|year=2011|pages=730–738|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.11101549}}</ref><ref name="pmid11833870">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim JH, Kim TK, Kim BS, Eun HW, Kim PN, Lee MG, Ha HK |title=Enhancement of hepatic hemangiomas with levovist on coded harmonic angiographic ultrasonography |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=141–8 |year=2002 |pmid=11833870 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="BranniganBurns2004">{{cite journal|last1=Brannigan|first1=Margot|last2=Burns|first2=Peter N.|last3=Wilson|first3=Stephanie R.|title=Blood Flow Patterns in Focal Liver Lesions at Microbubble-enhanced US|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=24|issue=4|year=2004|pages=921–935|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.244035158}}</ref><ref name="pmid16641791">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TK, Jang HJ, Wilson SR |title=Benign liver masses: imaging with microbubble contrast agents |journal=Ultrasound Q |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=31–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16641791 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="JangKim2003">{{cite journal|last1=Jang|first1=Hyun-Jung|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Lim|first3=Hyo Keun|last4=Park|first4=Sang Jae|last5=Sim|first5=Jung Suk|last6=Kim|first6=Hyae Young|last7=Lee|first7=Joo-Hyuk|title=Hepatic Hemangioma: Atypical Appearances on CT, MR Imaging, and Sonography|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=180|issue=1|year=2003|pages=135–141|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.180.1.1800135}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0015}}</ref><ref name="JangYu2009">{{cite journal|last1=Jang|first1=Hyun-Jung|last2=Yu|first2=Hojun|last3=Kim|first3=Tae Kyoung|title=Imaging of Focal Liver Lesions|journal=Seminars in Roentgenology|volume=44|issue=4|year=2009|pages=266–282|issn=0037198X|doi=10.1053/j.ro.2009.05.008}}</ref><ref name="JangYu2009" /><ref name="BhayanaKim2010">{{cite journal|last1=Bhayana|first1=Deepak|last2=Kim|first2=Tae Kyoung|last3=Jang|first3=Hyun-Jung|last4=Burns|first4=Peter N.|last5=Wilson|first5=Stephanie R.|title=Hypervascular Liver Masses on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: The Importance of Washout|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=194|issue=4|year=2010|pages=977–983|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3375}}</ref><ref name="pmid21427331">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tamada T, Ito K, Yamamoto A, Sone T, Kanki A, Tanaka F, Higashi H |title=Hepatic hemangiomas: evaluation of enhancement patterns at dynamic MRI with gadoxetate disodium |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=196 |issue=4 |pages=824–30 |year=2011 |pmid=21427331 |doi=10.2214/AJR.10.5113 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Heiken2007">{{cite journal|last1=Heiken|first1=Jay P.|title=Distinguishing benign from malignant liver tumours|journal=Cancer Imaging|volume=7|issue=Special Issue A|year=2007|pages=S1–S14|issn=1470-7330|doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2007.9084}}</ref><ref name="AlturkistanyJang2011">{{cite journal|last1=Alturkistany|first1=Samira|last2=Jang|first2=Hyun-Jung|last3=Yu|first3=Hojun|last4=Lee|first4=Kyoung Ho|last5=Kim|first5=Tae Kyoung|title=Fading hepatic hemangiomas on multiphasic CT|journal=Abdominal Radiology|volume=37|issue=5|year=2011|pages=775–780|issn=2366-004X|doi=10.1007/s00261-011-9826-6}}</ref>
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| *[[Hepatoblastoma]] in children
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| *[[Inflammatory]] [[lesions]]<ref name="pmid18359914">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu GJ, Lu MD, Xie XY, Xu HX, Xu ZF, Zheng YL, Liang JY, Wang W |title=Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of infected focal liver lesions |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=657–66 |year=2008 |pmid=18359914 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="KimChoi2004">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Kyoung Won|last2=Choi|first2=Byung Ihn|last3=Park|first3=Seong Ho|last4=Kim|first4=Ah Young|last5=Koh|first5=Young Hwan|last6=Lee|first6=Hyun Ju|last7=Han|first7=Joon Koo|title=Pyogenic hepatic abscesses: distinctive features from hypovascular hepatic malignancies on contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SH U 508A; early experience|journal=Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology|volume=30|issue=6|year=2004|pages=725–733|issn=03015629|doi=10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid16641791" /><ref name="pmid17161932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Syed MA, Kim TK, Jang HJ |title=Portal and hepatic vein thrombosis in liver abscess: CT findings |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=513–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17161932 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.11.022 |url=}}</ref><ref name="MeniasSurabhi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Menias|first1=Christine O.|last2=Surabhi|first2=Venkateswar R.|last3=Prasad|first3=Srinivasa R.|last4=Wang|first4=Hanlin L.|last5=Narra|first5=Vamsi R.|last6=Chintapalli|first6=Kedar N.|title=Mimics of Cholangiocarcinoma: Spectrum of Disease|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=28|issue=4|year=2008|pages=1115–1129|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.284075148}}</ref>
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| *[[Mesenchymal]] [[hamartoma]] in children<ref name="pmid1734701">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gollapudi P, Chejfec G, Zarling EJ |title=Spontaneous regression of hepatic pseudotumor |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=214–7 |year=1992 |pmid=1734701 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10228516">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoon KH, Ha HK, Lee JS, Suh JH, Kim MH, Kim PN, Lee MG, Yun KJ, Choi SC, Nah YH, Kim CG, Won JJ, Auh YH |title=Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: CT-histopathologic correlation |journal=Radiology |volume=211 |issue=2 |pages=373–9 |year=1999 |pmid=10228516 |doi=10.1148/radiology.211.2.r99ma36373 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *Multiacinar regenerative [[nodule]]
| |
| *Macroregenerative nodule (low-grade dysplastic nodule)<ref name="CHEDIDKRUEL2017">{{cite journal|last1=CHEDID|first1=Marcio F.|last2=KRUEL|first2=Cleber R. P.|last3=PINTO|first3=Marcelo A.|last4=GREZZANA-FILHO|first4=Tomaz J. M.|last5=LEIPNITZ|first5=Ian|last6=KRUEL|first6=Cleber D. P.|last7=SCAFFARO|first7=Leandro A.|last8=CHEDID|first8=Aljamir D.|title=HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: DIAGNOSIS AND OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT|journal=ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)|volume=30|issue=4|year=2017|pages=272–278|issn=2317-6326|doi=10.1590/0102-6720201700040011}}</ref>
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| *Nontumorous arterioportal shunts
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| *Pseudomass in chronic [[portal vein thrombosis]]
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| *[[Pyogenic]] [[Liver abscess|liver abscesses]]
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| *[[Pancreatic cancer]]
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| *[[Stomach cancer]]
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| !Disease | | !Disease |
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| |} | | |} |
| ===Causes by Organ System=== | | ===Causes by Organ System=== |
| {| style="width:85%; height:90px" border="1" | | {|style="width:85%; height:90px" border="1" |
| | style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular''' | | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' |
| | style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |[[Hepatic artery aneurysm]] | | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Hepatic artery aneurysm]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning''' | | | '''Chemical / poisoning''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Dermatologic''' | | | '''Dermatologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Drug Side Effect''' | | | '''Drug Side Effect''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat''' | | | '''Ear Nose Throat''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Endocrine''' | | | '''Endocrine''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Environmental''' | | | '''Environmental''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Gastroenterologic''' | | | '''Gastroenterologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Choledochal cyst]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Choledochal cyst]] |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Genetic''' | | | '''Genetic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]], [[Von Hippel-Lindau disease]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]], [[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]], [[Caroli disease]], [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome]], [[Von Hippel-Lindau disease]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]], [[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]], [[Caroli disease]], [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]], [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Hematologic''' | | | '''Hematologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Iatrogenic''' | | | '''Iatrogenic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Infectious Disease''' | | | '''Infectious Disease''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Amoebic liver abscess]], [[Pyogenic liver abscess]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Alveolar hydatid disease]], [[Pericholecystic abscess]], [[Empyema gallbladder]], [[Subhepatic abscess]], [[Subphrenic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amoebic liver abscess]], [[Pyogenic liver abscess]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Alveolar hydatid disease]], [[Pericholecystic abscess]], [[Empyema gallbladder]], [[Subhepatic abscess]], [[Subphrenic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' | | | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Sarcoidosis]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Sarcoidosis]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Neurologic''' | | | '''Neurologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | | | '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | | | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Oncologic''' | | | '''Oncologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |'''Benign''': [[Cystadenoma]], [[Hepatocellular adenoma]], [[Hepatic hemangioma]], [[Hepatic angiomyolipoma]], [[Hepatoblastoma]], [[Primary hepatic lymphoma]], [[Focal nodular hyperplasia]], [[Nodular regenerative hyperplasia]], [[Teratoma]], [[Autoinfarction hepatocellular adenoma]], [[Hemangioendothelioma]], [[Hepatic hamartoma]], [[Mesenchymal hamartoma of infancy]], [[Cholangioadenoma]], [[Adenolipoma]], [[Angiomyolipoma]], [[Myelolipoma]], [[Fibroma]], | | |bgcolor="Beige"|'''Benign''': [[Cystadenoma]], [[Hepatocellular adenoma]], [[Hepatic hemangioma]], [[Hepatic angiomyolipoma]], [[Hepatoblastoma]], [[Primary hepatic lymphoma]], [[Focal nodular hyperplasia]], [[Nodular regenerative hyperplasia]], [[Teratoma]], [[Autoinfarction hepatocellular adenoma]], [[Hemangioendothelioma]], [[Hepatic hamartoma]], [[Mesenchymal hamartoma of infancy]], [[Cholangioadenoma]], [[Adenolipoma]], [[Angiomyolipoma]], [[Myelolipoma]], [[Fibroma]], |
|
| |
|
| '''Malignant''': [[Cystadenocarcinoma]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Fibrolamellar carcinoma]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Primary squamous cell carcinoma]], [[Hepatic angiosarcoma]], [[Carcinoid tumor]], [[Neuroblastoma]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Wilms tumor]], [[Leiomyosarcoma]], [[Fibrosarcoma]] | | '''Malignant''': [[Cystadenocarcinoma]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Fibrolamellar carcinoma]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Primary squamous cell carcinoma]], [[Hepatic angiosarcoma]], [[Carcinoid tumor]], [[Neuroblastoma]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Wilms tumor]], [[Leiomyosarcoma]], [[Fibrosarcoma]] |
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| '''Metastatic:''' [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]], [[Oesophageal cancer]], [[gastric carcinoma]], [[gastrointestinal stromal tumor]], [[Carcinoid tumor]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Breast adenocarcinoma]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Endometrial cancer]], [[Renal cell carcinoma]], [[Prostate cancer]], [[Non-Hodgkins lymphoma]], [[Hodgkins lymphoma]] | | '''Metastatic:''' [[Colorectal carcinoma]], [[Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]], [[Oesophageal cancer]], [[gastric carcinoma]], [[gastrointestinal stromal tumor]], [[Carcinoid tumor]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Breast adenocarcinoma]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Endometrial cancer]], [[Renal cell carcinoma]], [[Prostate cancer]], [[Non-Hodgkins lymphoma]], [[Hodgkins lymphoma]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Opthalmologic''' | | | '''Opthalmologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | | | '''Overdose / Toxicity''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Psychiatric''' | | | '''Psychiatric''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Pulmonary''' | | | '''Pulmonary''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte''' | | | '''Renal / Electrolyte''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' | | | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Sexual''' | | | '''Sexual''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Trauma''' | | | '''Trauma''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Intrahepatic hematoma]], [[Biliary hematoma]], [[Hepatic subcapsular hematoma]] | | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Intrahepatic hematoma]], [[Biliary hematoma]], [[Hepatic subcapsular hematoma]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Urologic''' | | | '''Urologic''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| | '''Miscellaneous''' | | | '''Miscellaneous''' |
| | bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|2}}
| |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |