Pulmonary edema classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Classification

• Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:
  • Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  • Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

• Cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into:
  • LV failure
  • Dysrhythmia
  • LV hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
  • Volume Overload
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • LV outflow obstruction
• Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:
  • Direct injury to lung
    • Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion
    • Aspiration
    • Smoke inhalation
    • Pneumonia
    • Oxygen toxicity
    • Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion
  • Hematogenous injury to lung
  • Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure
    • High altitude pulmonary edema
    • Neurogenic pulmonary edema
    • Reexpansion pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema

Cardiogenic

Non-cardiogenic

LV failure

Dysrhythmia

LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy

Volume Overload

Myocardial Infarction

LV outflow obstruction

Direct injury to lung

Hematogenous injury to lung

Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure

Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion

Aspiration

Smoke inhalation

Pneumonia

Oxygen toxicity

Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion

High altitude pulmonary edema

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

Reexpansion pulmonary edema

Sepsis

Pancreatitis

Nonthoracic trauma

Multiple transfusions

Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin