Pulmonary edema classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups: | |||
* Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which can be secondary to: | |||
** [[LV failure|Left ventricular failure]] | |||
** [[LV failure|Left ventricular failure]] | |||
** [[Dysrhythmia]] | ** [[Dysrhythmia]] | ||
** [[LV hypertrophy|Left ventricular hypertrophy]] [[cardiomyopathy]] | ** [[LV hypertrophy|Left ventricular hypertrophy]] [[cardiomyopathy]] | ||
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** [[Myocardial Infarction]] | ** [[Myocardial Infarction]] | ||
** Left ventricular outflow obstruction | ** Left ventricular outflow obstruction | ||
* Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, which | |||
* '''Cardiogenic pulmonary edema''' may be classified into:<ref name="pmid20805429">{{cite journal |vauthors=Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O |title=Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema |journal=Circulation |volume=122 |issue=11 |pages=1109–15 |year=2010 |pmid=20805429 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950 |url=}}</ref> | |||
** | |||
* '''Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema''' may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:<ref name="pmid619405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A |title=Unilateral pulmonary edema |journal=Radiology |volume=126 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |year=1978 |pmid=619405 |doi=10.1148/126.1.19 |url=}}</ref> | * '''Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema''' may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:<ref name="pmid619405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A |title=Unilateral pulmonary edema |journal=Radiology |volume=126 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |year=1978 |pmid=619405 |doi=10.1148/126.1.19 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Direct injury to lung: | ** Direct injury to lung: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
Pulmonary edema can be classified on the basis of etiology into 2 subtypes, including cardiogenic pulmonary edema (left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, left ventricle hypertrophy cardiomyopathy) and, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chest trauma).
Classification
Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which can be secondary to:
- Left ventricular failure
- Dysrhythmia
- Left ventricular hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
- Volume overload
- Myocardial Infarction
- Left ventricular outflow obstruction
- Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, which
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into:[1]
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:[2]
- Direct injury to lung:
- Pulmonary contusion
- Aspiration
- Smoke inhalation
- Pneumonia
- Oxygen toxicity
- Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion
- Hematogenous injury to lung:
- Sepsis
- Pancreatitis
- Nonthoracic trauma
- Multiple transfusions
- Intravenous drug use
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure:
- High altitude pulmonary edema
- Neurogenic pulmonary edema
- Reexpansion pulmonary edema
- Direct injury to lung:
| Pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cardiogenic | Non-cardiogenic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LV failure | Dysrhythmia | LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy | Volume overload | Myocardial Infarction | LV outflow obstruction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct injury to lung | Hematogenous injury to lung | Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion | Aspiration | Smoke inhalation | Pneumonia | Oxygen toxicity | Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion | High altitude pulmonary edema | Neurogenic pulmonary edema | Reexpansion pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sepsis | Pancreatitis | Nonthoracic trauma | Multiple transfusions | Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O (2010). "Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema". Circulation. 122 (11): 1109–15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950. PMID 20805429.
- ↑ Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A (1978). "Unilateral pulmonary edema". Radiology. 126 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1148/126.1.19. PMID 619405.