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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
There are no established risk factors for odynophagia. However individual conditions which produce pain on swallowing may have independent risk factors.


OR
==Risk Factors==
 
There are no established risk factors for odynophagia. However individual conditions which produce pain on swallowing may have independent risk factors.<ref name="pmid24813510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dellon ES |title=Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=201–18 |year=2014 |pmid=24813510 |pmc=4019938 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2014.02.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23539047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soon IS, Butzner JD, Kaplan GG, deBruyn JC |title=Incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=72–80 |year=2013 |pmid=23539047 |doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e318291fee2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21889135">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sperry SL, Crockett SD, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES |title=Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=985–91 |year=2011 |pmid=21889135 |pmc=3951006 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2011.06.029 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26233430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cianferoni A, Spergel JM |title=Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Gastroenteritis |journal=Curr Allergy Asthma Rep |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=58 |year=2015 |pmid=26233430 |doi=10.1007/s11882-015-0558-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26488694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Furuta GT, Katzka DA |title=Eosinophilic Esophagitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=373 |issue=17 |pages=1640–8 |year=2015 |pmid=26488694 |pmc=4905697 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1502863 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26027600">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kocsis D, Tulassay Z, Juhász M |title=[Dietary and pharmacological aspects of eosinophilic esophagitis] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=156 |issue=23 |pages=927–32 |year=2015 |pmid=26027600 |doi=10.1556/650.2015.30164 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23853213">{{cite journal| author=El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J| title=Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. | journal=Gut | year= 2014 | volume= 63 | issue= 6 | pages= 871-80 | pmid=23853213 | doi=10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269 | pmc=4046948 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23853213  }}</ref><ref name="pmid25396005">{{cite journal| author=Jarosz M, Taraszewska A| title=Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet. | journal=Prz Gastroenterol | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 297-301 | pmid=25396005 | doi=10.5114/pg.2014.46166 | pmc=4223119 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25396005  }}</ref>
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR


Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Conditions & Their Risk Factors===


OR
=== Upper respiratory tract infections: ===
* Smoking
* Extremes of age
* Cold
* Low immunity
* Malnutration
* Allergy
* Lack of immunization


Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
=== Tumors: ===
* Smoking
* Betel nuts
* Age over 60
* Male gender
* Alcohol Consumption
* Obesity
* Lye Ingestion
* Nitrosamine in food
* Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
* Barrett's esophagus
* Achalasia
* EBV
* HIV
* Radiation


==Risk Factors==
=== Foreign body ===
*There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
* Young age
OR
* Neuropathy
*The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
* Decreased consciousness


*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
=== GERD ===
===Common Risk Factors===
* Smoking
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
* Obesity
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
* Pregnancy
**[Risk factor 1]
* Hiatal hernia
**[Risk factor 2]
* Scleroderma
**[Risk factor 3]
* Drinking a lot of alcohol
* Consuming drinks that contain caffeine
* Medications:
* Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness)
* Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease
* Bronchodilators for asthma
* Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure
* Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease
* Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control
* Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety
* Tricyclic antidepressants


===Less Common Risk Factors===
=== Esophagitis: ===
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
* Smoking
**[Risk factor 1]
* Obesity
**[Risk factor 2]
* Pregnancy
**[Risk factor 3]
* Hiatal hernia
* Scleroderma
* Alcohol consumption
* Consuming drinks that contain caffeine
* Medications:
* Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness)
* Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease
* Bronchodilators for asthma
* Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure
* Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease
* Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control
* Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety
* Tricyclic antidepressants


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 09:03, 2 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There are no established risk factors for odynophagia. However individual conditions which produce pain on swallowing may have independent risk factors.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for odynophagia. However individual conditions which produce pain on swallowing may have independent risk factors.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Common Conditions & Their Risk Factors

Upper respiratory tract infections:

  • Smoking
  • Extremes of age
  • Cold
  • Low immunity
  • Malnutration
  • Allergy
  • Lack of immunization

Tumors:

  • Smoking
  • Betel nuts
  • Age over 60
  • Male gender
  • Alcohol Consumption
  • Obesity
  • Lye Ingestion
  • Nitrosamine in food
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
  • Barrett's esophagus
  • Achalasia
  • EBV
  • HIV
  • Radiation

Foreign body

  • Young age
  • Neuropathy
  • Decreased consciousness

GERD

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Scleroderma
  • Drinking a lot of alcohol
  • Consuming drinks that contain caffeine
  • Medications:
  • Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness)
  • Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease
  • Bronchodilators for asthma
  • Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure
  • Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease
  • Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control
  • Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety
  • Tricyclic antidepressants

Esophagitis:

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Scleroderma
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Consuming drinks that contain caffeine
  • Medications:
  • Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness)
  • Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease
  • Bronchodilators for asthma
  • Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure
  • Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease
  • Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control
  • Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety
  • Tricyclic antidepressants

References

  1. ↑ Dellon ES (2014). "Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 43 (2): 201–18. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2014.02.002. PMC 4019938. PMID 24813510.
  2. ↑ Soon IS, Butzner JD, Kaplan GG, deBruyn JC (2013). "Incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 57 (1): 72–80. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e318291fee2. PMID 23539047.
  3. ↑ Sperry SL, Crockett SD, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES (2011). "Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis". Gastrointest. Endosc. 74 (5): 985–91. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.06.029. PMC 3951006. PMID 21889135.
  4. ↑ Cianferoni A, Spergel JM (2015). "Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Gastroenteritis". Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 15 (9): 58. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0558-5. PMID 26233430.
  5. ↑ Furuta GT, Katzka DA (2015). "Eosinophilic Esophagitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (17): 1640–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1502863. PMC 4905697. PMID 26488694.
  6. ↑ Kocsis D, Tulassay Z, Juhász M (2015). "[Dietary and pharmacological aspects of eosinophilic esophagitis]". Orv Hetil (in Hungarian). 156 (23): 927–32. doi:10.1556/650.2015.30164. PMID 26027600.
  7. ↑ El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J (2014). "Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review". Gut. 63 (6): 871–80. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269. PMC 4046948. PMID 23853213.
  8. ↑ Jarosz M, Taraszewska A (2014). "Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of diet". Prz Gastroenterol. 9 (5): 297–301. doi:10.5114/pg.2014.46166. PMC 4223119. PMID 25396005.

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