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__NOTOC__
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{{Ankylosing spondylitis}}
{{Ankylosing spondylitis}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
Common complications of ankylosing spondylitis include heterotopic ossification, skeletal restrictions and extra-musculoskeletal complications like eye problems, reduced flexibility,tiredness,osteoporosis and gastrointestinal disorders.Prognosis is generally good if diagnosed in early stages.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History<ref name="pmid31604232">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goie The HS, Steven MM, van der Linden SM, Cats A |title=Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison of the Rome, New York and modified New York criteria in patients with a positive clinical history screening test for ankylosing spondylitis |journal=Br. J. Rheumatol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=242–9 |date=August 1985 |pmid=3160423 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid153536082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Robertson LP, Davis MJ |title=A longitudinal study of disease activity and functional status in a hospital cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=43 |issue=12 |pages=1565–8 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15353608 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keh386 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid62319332">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A |title=Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=361–8 |date=April 1984 |pmid=6231933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>===
*The natural history of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) remains poorly documented.
*The heterogeneity of the ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has made studies technically difficult.
*Documentation of the early course of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has been limited by the lack of appropriate criteria to diagnose early.
*Modified New York criteria had played important role in the study of ankylosing spondylitis(AS).
*Rudwaleit pointed that ankylosing spondylitis(AS) passes through three stages <ref name="pmid192973452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rudwaleit M, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Listing J, Brandt J, Braun J, Burgos-Vargas R, Collantes-Estevez E, Davis J, Dijkmans B, Dougados M, Emery P, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Inman R, Khan MA, Leirisalo-Repo M, van der Linden S, Maksymowych WP, Mielants H, Olivieri I, Sturrock R, de Vlam K, Sieper J |title=The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=770–6 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19297345 |doi=10.1136/ard.2009.108217 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid211023812">{{cite journal |vauthors=van den Berg R, van der Heijde DM |title=How should we diagnose spondyloarthritis according to the ASAS classification criteria: a guide for practicing physicians |journal=Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. |volume=120 |issue=11 |pages=452–7 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21102381 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Pre-radiographic
**Radiographic  sacroiliitis 
**Radiographic spinal changes
===Complications===
*Common complications of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) include:
**Acute anterior uveitis
**Inflammatory bowel disease
**Psoriasis 
**Psychosocial  issues
**Cardiovascular problems
**Pulmonary problems
**Osteopenia
**Fractures
**Neurologic manifestations
**Renal manifestations


=== Natural History<ref name="pmid3160423">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goie The HS, Steven MM, van der Linden SM, Cats A |title=Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison of the Rome, New York and modified New York criteria in patients with a positive clinical history screening test for ankylosing spondylitis |journal=Br. J. Rheumatol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=242–9 |date=August 1985 |pmid=3160423 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15353608">{{cite journal |vauthors=Robertson LP, Davis MJ |title=A longitudinal study of disease activity and functional status in a hospital cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=43 |issue=12 |pages=1565–8 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15353608 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keh386 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6231933">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A |title=Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=361–8 |date=April 1984 |pmid=6231933 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ===
=== Prognosis ===
* The natural history of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) remains poorly documented.
* The presence of hip involvement is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with ankylosing spondylitis patients.<ref name="pmid19605374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vander Cruyssen B, Muñoz-Gomariz E, Font P, Mulero J, de Vlam K, Boonen A, Vazquez-Mellado J, Flores D, Vastesaeger N, Collantes E |title=Hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: epidemiology and risk factors associated with hip replacement surgery |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=73–81 |date=January 2010 |pmid=19605374 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kep174 |url=}}</ref>
* The heterogeneity of the ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has made studies technically difficult.
* Documentation of the early course of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has been limited by the lack of appropriate criteria to diagnose early.
* Modified New York criteria had played important role in the study of ankylosing spondylitis(AS).
* Rudwaleit pointed that ankylosing spondylitis(AS) passes through three stages <ref name="pmid19297345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rudwaleit M, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Listing J, Brandt J, Braun J, Burgos-Vargas R, Collantes-Estevez E, Davis J, Dijkmans B, Dougados M, Emery P, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Inman R, Khan MA, Leirisalo-Repo M, van der Linden S, Maksymowych WP, Mielants H, Olivieri I, Sturrock R, de Vlam K, Sieper J |title=The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=770–6 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19297345 |doi=10.1136/ard.2009.108217 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21102381">{{cite journal |vauthors=van den Berg R, van der Heijde DM |title=How should we diagnose spondyloarthritis according to the ASAS classification criteria: a guide for practicing physicians |journal=Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. |volume=120 |issue=11 |pages=452–7 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21102381 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Pre-radiographic
** Radiographic  sacroiliitis 
** Radiographic spinal changes


=== Complications ===
**  
* Common complications of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) include:
** [Complication 1]
** [Complication 2]
** [Complication 3]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:59, 7 April 2018

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Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History[1][2][3]

  • The natural history of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) remains poorly documented.
  • The heterogeneity of the ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has made studies technically difficult.
  • Documentation of the early course of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) has been limited by the lack of appropriate criteria to diagnose early.
  • Modified New York criteria had played important role in the study of ankylosing spondylitis(AS).
  • Rudwaleit pointed that ankylosing spondylitis(AS) passes through three stages [4][5]
    • Pre-radiographic
    • Radiographic  sacroiliitis 
    • Radiographic spinal changes

Complications

  • Common complications of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) include:
    • Acute anterior uveitis
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Psoriasis 
    • Psychosocial  issues
    • Cardiovascular problems
    • Pulmonary problems
    • Osteopenia
    • Fractures
    • Neurologic manifestations
    • Renal manifestations

Prognosis

  • The presence of hip involvement is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with ankylosing spondylitis patients.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Goie The HS, Steven MM, van der Linden SM, Cats A (August 1985). "Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison of the Rome, New York and modified New York criteria in patients with a positive clinical history screening test for ankylosing spondylitis". Br. J. Rheumatol. 24 (3): 242–9. PMID 3160423.
  2. ↑ Robertson LP, Davis MJ (December 2004). "A longitudinal study of disease activity and functional status in a hospital cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis". Rheumatology (Oxford). 43 (12): 1565–8. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh386. PMID 15353608.
  3. ↑ van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A (April 1984). "Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria". Arthritis Rheum. 27 (4): 361–8. PMID 6231933.
  4. ↑ Rudwaleit M, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Listing J, Brandt J, Braun J, Burgos-Vargas R, Collantes-Estevez E, Davis J, Dijkmans B, Dougados M, Emery P, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Inman R, Khan MA, Leirisalo-Repo M, van der Linden S, Maksymowych WP, Mielants H, Olivieri I, Sturrock R, de Vlam K, Sieper J (June 2009). "The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (6): 770–6. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.108217. PMID 19297345.
  5. ↑ van den Berg R, van der Heijde DM (November 2010). "How should we diagnose spondyloarthritis according to the ASAS classification criteria: a guide for practicing physicians". Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 120 (11): 452–7. PMID 21102381.
  6. ↑ Vander Cruyssen B, Muñoz-Gomariz E, Font P, Mulero J, de Vlam K, Boonen A, Vazquez-Mellado J, Flores D, Vastesaeger N, Collantes E (January 2010). "Hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: epidemiology and risk factors associated with hip replacement surgery". Rheumatology (Oxford). 49 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep174. PMID 19605374.

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