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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are several life-threatening causes of oliguria which need to be evaluated for first, which include; sepsis, urethral stricture, dehydration and shock . The other possible causes of oliguria can be evaluated by carefully assessing the nature of the symptoms, and obtaining a thorough patient history.
There are several life-threatening causes of oliguria which need to be evaluated for first, which include; [[sepsis]], [[urethral stricture]], [[dehydration]] and [[shock]] . The other possible causes of oliguria can be evaluated by carefully assessing the nature of the symptoms, and obtaining a thorough patient history.


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life threatening diseases to exclude immediately include:<ref name="pmid854045">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson RJ, Linas SL, Berns AS, Henrich WL, Miller TR, Gabow PA, Schrier RW |title=Nonoliguric acute renal failure |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=296 |issue=20 |pages=1134–8 |date=May 1977 |pmid=854045 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197705192962002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3895901">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dixon BS, Anderson RJ |title=Nonoliguric acute renal failure |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=71–80 |date=August 1985 |pmid=3895901 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Life threatening diseases to exclude immediately include:<ref name="pmid854045">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson RJ, Linas SL, Berns AS, Henrich WL, Miller TR, Gabow PA, Schrier RW |title=Nonoliguric acute renal failure |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=296 |issue=20 |pages=1134–8 |date=May 1977 |pmid=854045 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197705192962002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3895901">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dixon BS, Anderson RJ |title=Nonoliguric acute renal failure |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=71–80 |date=August 1985 |pmid=3895901 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Cardiogenic shock
*[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*Hypovolemic shock
*[[Hypovolemic shock]]
*Sepsis
*[[Sepsis]]
*Malignant hypertension
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*Perinatal asphyxia
*[[Perinatal asphyxia]]
*Haemorrhage
*[[Bleeding|Hemorrhage]]
*Bleeding esophageal varices
*[[Bleeding esophageal varices (patient information)|Bleeding esophageal varices]]
*Dehydration
*[[Dehydration]]


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*Acute tubular necrosis
*[[Acute tubular necrosis]]
*Renal vein thrombosis
*[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
*Benign prostatic hyperplasia
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
*Nephrotic syndrome
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*Glomerulonephritis
*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
*Interstitial nephritis
*[[Interstitial nephritis]]


==Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain==
==Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain==
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Haematuria]]/[[Proteinuria]]
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Haematuria]]/[[Proteinuria]]
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Edema]]
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Edema]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[CBC]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[CBC]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |KFT
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |KFT
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Electrolytes]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Electrolytes]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Urine analysis
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Urine analysis
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[ABG]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[ABG]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Ultrasound]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Ultrasound]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[X-ray]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[X-ray]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[CT]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[CT]]
|align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[MRI]]
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |[[MRI]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="25" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Prerenal
! rowspan="25" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Prerenal
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|-
|-
|[[Cancer]]
|[[Cancer]]
-[[Renal cell carcinoma]]
- [[Renal cell carcinoma]]


-Metastatic cancer
- Metastatic cancer
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|[Nephrotic syndrome]]
|[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
|
|
|
|
Line 1,058: Line 1,058:
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|
|-
|-
|Catheter-related
|[[Iatrogenic|Catheter-related]]
|
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|

Revision as of 20:03, 20 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]


An expert algorithm to assist in the diagnosis of oliguria can be found here

Overview

There are several life-threatening causes of oliguria which need to be evaluated for first, which include; sepsis, urethral stricture, dehydration and shock . The other possible causes of oliguria can be evaluated by carefully assessing the nature of the symptoms, and obtaining a thorough patient history.

Differential Diagnosis

Life Threatening Causes

Life threatening diseases to exclude immediately include:[1][2]

Common Causes

Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain

The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of back pain.

Classification by etiology Etiology Clinical manifestations Paraclinical findings Comments
Symptoms and signs Lab findings Imaging
Fatigue/Lethargy Thirst Dizziness/Confusion Muscle weakness/cramp Somatic/visceral pain Vomiting Diarrhea Tachypnea Haematuria/Proteinuria Edema CBC KFT Electrolytes Urine analysis ABG Ultrasound X-ray CT MRI
Prerenal Alcohol poisoning
Aspergillosis
Asphyxia
Cholera
Cirrhosis
Congestive heart Failure
Dehydration

- Burns

-Cutaneous loss e.g. sweating

- Inadequate water intake

- Salt-wasting nephropathy

Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Diarrhea and/or vomiting
Drugs/Toxins

-ACEI

-Aminoglycosides

-Amphotericin B

-Contrast material

-Cyclosporin

-Diuretics

-Digitalis

-Heavy metals

-Indomethacin

-Tacrolimus

-NSAIDs

Esophageal varices bleeding
Heart disease

-Congenital

-Acquired

Hemorrhage
Hemolysis
Hepatorenal syndrome
Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Malignant hypertension
Myocarditis
Peritonitis
Polycythemia
Respiratory distress syndrome
Shock

- Anaphylactic

- Cardiogenic

- Hypotensive

- Septic

- Toxic

Third space losses

- Capillary leak

- Surgery

- Trauma

Toxic megacolon
Intrinsic renal Acute interstitial nephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Cancer

- Renal cell carcinoma

- Metastatic cancer

Chronic kidney failure
Congenital kidney disease

- Agenesis

- Dysplasia

- Hypoplasia

- Polycystic

End stage renal disease
Endogenous toxins

- Hemoglobin

- Myoglobin

- Uric acid

Glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrotic syndrome
Thrombosis

- Renal vein

- Renal artery

Transplant rejection
Transient dysfunction of the newborn
Postrenal Bladder outlet obstruction
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Catheter-related
Chronic prostatitis
Obstructive uropathy
Neurogenic bladder

References

  1. ↑ Anderson RJ, Linas SL, Berns AS, Henrich WL, Miller TR, Gabow PA, Schrier RW (May 1977). "Nonoliguric acute renal failure". N. Engl. J. Med. 296 (20): 1134–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM197705192962002. PMID 854045.
  2. ↑ Dixon BS, Anderson RJ (August 1985). "Nonoliguric acute renal failure". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 6 (2): 71–80. PMID 3895901.


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