Hyponatremia causes: Difference between revisions
(→Causes) |
(→Causes) |
||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Causes based on volume status : | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Volume status | !Volume status | ||
Line 25: | Line 26: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''<big>Hypovolemic</big>''' | |'''<big>Hypovolemic</big>''' | ||
'''<big>Hyponatremia<ref name="Rondon-BerriosAgaba2014">{{cite journal|last1=Rondon-Berrios|first1=Helbert|last2=Agaba|first2=Emmanuel I.|last3=Tzamaloukas|first3=Antonios H.|title=Hyponatremia: pathophysiology, classification, manifestations and management|journal=International Urology and Nephrology|volume=46|issue=11|year=2014|pages=2153–2165|issn=0301-1623|doi=10.1007/s11255-014-0839-2}}</ref> | '''<big>Hyponatremia<ref name="Rondon-BerriosAgaba2014">{{cite journal|last1=Rondon-Berrios|first1=Helbert|last2=Agaba|first2=Emmanuel I.|last3=Tzamaloukas|first3=Antonios H.|title=Hyponatremia: pathophysiology, classification, manifestations and management|journal=International Urology and Nephrology|volume=46|issue=11|year=2014|pages=2153–2165|issn=0301-1623|doi=10.1007/s11255-014-0839-2}}</ref>'''</big> | ||
</big> | |||
| | | | ||
* total body water ↓ | * total body water ↓ |
Revision as of 01:28, 26 April 2018
Hyponatremia Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Hyponatremia causes On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyponatremia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] incl ude [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes based on volume status :
Volume status | Sodium status | Causes |
---|---|---|
Hypovolemic
Hyponatremia[1] |
|
Bicarbonaturia ( Renal tubular acidosis, Metabolic alkalosis), Osmotic diuresis
|
Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia |
|
(due to relatively higher water versus salt intake and poor excretion),Nephrotic syndrome
|
Euvolemic
Hyponatremia |
|
postoperative nausea, pain,stress,Neoplasia (common),trauma,pregnancy
(caused by a low intake of solutes with relatively high fluid intake)
|
† Altered sensitivity to serum osmolality by the hypothalamic osmoreceptors
- Drugs [2] :
Drug Mechanisms | Drug Classification |
---|---|
Increase ADH secretion | Antidepressants:Tricyclic antidepressants ( Amitryptiline,
Protriptyline, Desipramine),Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Antipsychotic drugs: Phenothiazines (Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine), Butyrophenones (Haloperidol) Antiepileptic drugs: Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Sodium valproate Anticancer agents: Vinca alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinblastine), Platinum compounds (Cisplatin, Carboplatin) Alkylating agents: Intravenous, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Ifosfamide Miscellaneous: Methotrexate, Interferon, Levamisole, Pentostatin, Monoclonal antibodies, MDMA, Nicotine Opiates |
Increase ADH effect | Antiepileptic drugs: Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
Antidiabetic drugs: Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide Anticancer agents: Alkylating agents (Intravenous cyclophosphamide) NSAIDS |
Drugs affecting water and sodium homeostasis | Diuretics:Thiazides, Indapamide, Amiloride, Loop diuretics |
Reset omostat ‡ | Antidepressants: Venlafaxine
Antiepileptic drugs:Carbamazepine |
‡ Altered sensitivity to serum osmolality by the hypothalamic osmoreceptors
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Rondon-Berrios, Helbert; Agaba, Emmanuel I.; Tzamaloukas, Antonios H. (2014). "Hyponatremia: pathophysiology, classification, manifestations and management". International Urology and Nephrology. 46 (11): 2153–2165. doi:10.1007/s11255-014-0839-2. ISSN 0301-1623.
- ↑ Liamis, George; Milionis, Haralampos; Elisaf, Moses (2008). "A Review of Drug-Induced Hyponatremia". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 52 (1): 144–153. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.03.004. ISSN 0272-6386.