Monoarthritis with joint swelling and fever: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}


<small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
Line 32: Line 33:
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="16" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Monoarthritis
! rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Monoarthritis
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Osteoarthritis]]<ref name="pmid28149655">{{cite journal| author=Chen D, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang T, Han L, Hamilton JL et al.| title=Osteoarthritis: toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism. | journal=Bone Res | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 16044 | pmid=28149655 | doi=10.1038/boneres.2016.44 | pmc=5240031 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28149655  }}</ref>
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infection]]
!+
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
![[Heberden's node|Heberden nodes]]
![[Anemia]]
!-
!Noninflammatory joint fluid
!Urinary [[pyridinium]] cross-links
!Joint-space loss, Subchondral bony [[sclerosis]], Cyst formation
!Malalignment of the patellofemoral [[joint]]
!Early diagnosis of [[osteoarthritis]] of the hand with [[bone scan]]
!-
!Clinical findings
!Microfracture, [[Bone pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trauma]]<ref name="pmid27651925">{{cite journal| author=Punzi L, Galozzi P, Luisetto R, Favero M, Ramonda R, Oliviero F et al.| title=Post-traumatic arthritis: overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation. | journal=RMD Open | year= 2016 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= e000279 | pmid=27651925 | doi=10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000279 | pmc=5013366 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651925  }}</ref>
!+
!-
!-
!-
!-
!+
![[Wound]] or [[laceration]]
!-
!-
![[Hemarthrosis]]
!-
!Severe joint effusion, [[Bone fracture|Fracture]]
!Fracture, Synovial tear
!-
!-
![[X-ray]]
![[Deformity]], Severe [[pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neoplasms]]<ref name="pmid17915099">{{cite journal |vauthors=Askling J |title=Malignancy and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=421–6 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17915099 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!+
!-
!+
!+/-
!-
!-
![[Rash]]
![[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
!↑
! High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
![[Hypercalcemia]], [[Hyperphosphatemia]]
!Peri-[[articular]] [[Osteoblastic sarcoma|osteoblastic]] or [[Osteoclast|osteoclastic]] lesion
!Elevation of the [[periosteum]]
!Intense [[radionuclide]] uptake in [[bone scan]]
!Spindle-shaped and atypical [[Stromal cell|stromal cells]], with irregular [[nuclei]]
!Clinical findings and imaging
![[Pain|Nocturnal pain]], [[Pathological|Pathologic fractures]]
|-
! rowspan="5" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infection]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gonococcal infection]]<ref name="pmid12787521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bardin T |title=Gonococcal arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=201–8 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12787521 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gonococcal infection]]<ref name="pmid12787521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bardin T |title=Gonococcal arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=201–8 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12787521 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!+
!+
Line 128: Line 72:
![[Synovial fluid]] culture
![[Synovial fluid]] culture
![[Limp|Limping]], [[Malaise]]
![[Limp|Limping]], [[Malaise]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterial infection]]<ref name="pmid16297734">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gardam M, Lim S |title=Mycobacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=819–30 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16297734 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.008 |url=}}</ref>
!-
!+
!+
!+
!+/-
!-
!Local [[erythema]]
![[Leukocytosis]], [[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
!↑
!Moderately elevated [[WBC]] counts ([[Neutrophil|neutrophilic]] predominance), low [[glucose]], and increased [[protein]]
![[PPD-tuberculin skin test|PPD]]
! Tissue swelling,  [[Bone]] destruction with normal [[joint]] space, [[Osteopenia]]
![[Vertebral]] anterior portion collapse
!Complicated effusion with partial [[joint]] destruction and [[Erosion (dental)|erosion]] in [[MRI]]
![[Granulomatous]] [[inflammation]]
![[Synovial fluid]] culture
![[Limp|Limping]], [[Malaise]], [[Chronic cough]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Fungal infection]]<ref name="pmid1616344">{{cite journal| author=Cuéllar ML, Silveira LH, Espinoza LR| title=Fungal arthritis. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 51 | issue= 5 | pages= 690-7 | pmid=1616344 | doi= | pmc=1005712 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1616344  }}</ref>
!-
!+/-
!-
!-
!-
!+/-
!Local [[eczema]], Local [[erythema]]
![[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
!↑
![[WBC]] counts range from 9,000-43,000/µL ([[PMNs]] predominance)
!Direct [[microscopy]]
![[Joint]] effusion, [[Joint dislocation|Dislocation of the joint]], [[Metaphyseal]] irregularities and punched out lesions
![[Articular]] erosion
!-
!Villonodular [[synovitis]], Typical [[pannus]], Non-[[Caseous necrosis|caseating granulomas]], Spherules containing [[Coccidioides spp|coccidioidal endospores]]
![[Synovial]] [[histopathology]]
![[Malaise]], [[Tenderness]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999223">{{cite journal| author=Arvikar SL, Steere AC| title=Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 269-80 | pmid=25999223 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.004 | pmc=4443866 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999223  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999223">{{cite journal| author=Arvikar SL, Steere AC| title=Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 269-80 | pmid=25999223 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.004 | pmc=4443866 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999223  }}</ref>
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![[Erythema migrans]]
![[Erythema migrans]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gout]]<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gout]]<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!+
!+
Line 206: Line 112:
![[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
![[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudogout|Pseudo-gout]]<ref name="pmid22870500">{{cite journal| author=Macmullan P, McCarthy G| title=Treatment and management of pseudogout: insights for the clinician. | journal=Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-31 | pmid=22870500 | doi=10.1177/1759720X11432559 | pmc=3383522 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22870500  }}</ref>
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic|Systemic disorders]]
!+
!-
!-
!-
!-
!+/-
!Local [[swelling]] and [[erythema]]
![[Leukocytosis]]
!↑
!Rod shaped [[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease|CPPD crystals]], [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
![[Hypercalcemia]], [[Hypercalciuria]]
!Radiodense lines paralleling the [[articular]] surface and [[calcification]] ([[chondrocalcinosis]])
!Calcific mass with a lobulated configuration in the [[ligamentum flavum]] or the [[joint capsule]]
![[Synovitis]] and [[Calcification|calcific]] deposits in [[ultrasonography]]
!Synovial [[Calcium pyrophosphate|calcium pyrophosphate crystals]]
![[Synovial fluid]] microscopy
![[Tenderness]]
|-
! rowspan="6" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic|Systemic disorders]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
!+/-
!+/-
Line 244: Line 131:
! [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
! [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
![[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
![[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
!+
!-
!-
!-
!-
!+
!Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],
[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
[[Erythroderma]]
!Normal
!↑
!High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
!↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
![[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
!Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
![[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
!Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
!Clinical findings
![[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]-associated [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]-associated [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
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!Clinical findings and history
!Clinical findings and history
![[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
![[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Sarcoidosis|Sarcoid]] periarthritis<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
!+
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
!Mild [[anemia]]
!↑
!Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
!Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
!Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
![[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
![[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
![[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
![[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
!+
!-
!+
!+
!+
!-
![[Rheumatoid nodules]]
![[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
!↑
![[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]]<nowiki/>predominance (60-80%)
![[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[Hyperuricemia]]
![[Joint]]-space narrowing
![[Fractures|Microfractures]]
![[Synovitis]] in [[MRI]]
!Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with[[angiogenesis]]
!Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
![[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic]] and [[leukemic]] disorders<ref name="pmid24378738">{{cite journal| author=Mekinian A, Braun T, Decaux O, Falgarone G, Toussirot E, Raffray L et al.| title=Inflammatory arthritis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicenter retrospective study and literature review of 68 cases. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-10 | pmid=24378738 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000000011 | pmc=4616329 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24378738  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic]] and [[leukemic]] disorders<ref name="pmid24378738">{{cite journal| author=Mekinian A, Braun T, Decaux O, Falgarone G, Toussirot E, Raffray L et al.| title=Inflammatory arthritis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicenter retrospective study and literature review of 68 cases. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-10 | pmid=24378738 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000000011 | pmc=4616329 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24378738  }}</ref>
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|-
|-
|}
|}
 
</small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]

Revision as of 18:43, 3 May 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Joint Swelling Fever Weight loss Claudication Morning stiffness Local erythema Skin manifestation CBC ESR Synovial fluid Other X-ray CT scan Other
Monoarthritis Infection Gonococcal infection[1] + + - - - + Maculopapular, Pustular, Vesicular lesions on an erythematous base Leukocytosis ↑ Purulent with cell count > 50,000 WBC/µL (with PMNs > 90%) Blood and synovial fluid culture Minor articular damage - - Dermal vasculitis with perivascular neutrophils Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) Dermatitis, Tenosynovitis
Nongonococcal bacterial infections[2] + + - - - + Local erythema Leukocytosis ↑ Purulent with cell count > 50,000 WBC/µL (with PMNs > 90%) Blood and synovial fluid culture Joint effusion, Cartilage destruction, Joint space narrowing Sternoclavicular or sacroiliac joint infections Periarticular osteomyelitis in MRI - Synovial fluid culture Limping, Malaise
Lyme disease[3] + + +/- +/- - - Erythema migrans Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia - Cell counts 500-98,000/µL Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST Knee joint effusion. Intra-articular edema  - Unspecific effusion, Synovial thickening or enhancement in MRI Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles Serologic tests Erythema migrans
Crystal-induced arthritis Gout[4] + +/- - - - + Local swelling and erythema Leukocytosis ↑ Needle shaped urate crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL Urinary uric acid (>1100 mg in 24h) Punched-out erosions or lyticareas with overhanging edges  Complementary for recognizing erosions Tophi or edema in MRI Large pale pink acellular areas (urate crystals), surrounded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells Synovial fluid microscopy Conjunctival nodules
Systemic disorders Reactive arthritis[5] +/- +/- - - - - Genital ulceration Normocytic normochromic anemia ↑  High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)  HLA-B27 test  Periosteal reaction and proliferation of tendon insertion site Sacroiliitis Enthesitis in ultrasonography Keratoderma blennorrhagicum,Balanitis circinata   Spondyloarthritis and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection Conjunctivitis, Uveitis
Inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis[6] + + - - + +/- Pyoderma gangrenosum(ulcerative colitis),Erythema nodosum(Crohn disease) Iron deficiency anemia, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis ↑ Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMNpredominance ↑RF, Antiendomysial Ab,Antitransglutaminase Ab Bilateral sacroiliitis, Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine - Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI - Clinical findings and history Acute anterior uveitis
Myelodysplastic and leukemic disorders[7] + + + +/- - - Petechia and purpura Anemia,

Leukocytosis,

Thrombocytopenia

↑ WBC count >2000/µL (inflammatory), with neutrophilpredominance LDH, Uric acid Articular surface erosion, Synovial effusion Thickened synovium Synovitis in MRI Inflammatory cells infiltration in synovial tissue Bone marrow biopsy Fatigue, Nausea, Recurrent infections

References

  1. ↑ Bardin T (April 2003). "Gonococcal arthritis". Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 17 (2): 201–8. PMID 12787521.
  2. ↑ García-De La Torre I, Nava-Zavala A (February 2009). "Gonococcal and nongonococcal arthritis". Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 35 (1): 63–73. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2009.03.001. PMID 19480997.
  3. ↑ Arvikar SL, Steere AC (2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 29 (2): 269–80. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.004. PMC 4443866. PMID 25999223.
  4. ↑ Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR (September 1982). "Crystal-induced arthritis". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 63 (9): 401–8. PMID 6287963.
  5. ↑ Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR (2004). "HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations". Clin Microbiol Rev. 17 (2): 348–69. PMC 387405. PMID 15084505.
  6. ↑ Orchard TR (2012). "Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 8 (5): 327–9. PMC 3424429. PMID 22933865.
  7. ↑ Mekinian A, Braun T, Decaux O, Falgarone G, Toussirot E, Raffray L; et al. (2014). "Inflammatory arthritis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicenter retrospective study and literature review of 68 cases". Medicine (Baltimore). 93 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000011. PMC 4616329. PMID 24378738.
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