Minimal change disease history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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The hallmark of minimal change disease in children is acute-onset [[proteinuria]] that progresses into [[nephrotic syndrome]]. [[Fatigue]] and subsequent [[edema]] develops with symptoms of [[periorbital edema]] and [[weight gain]]. Children are less likely to present with other clinical features, such as [[hypertension]], [[renal failure]], or [[hematuria]]. In contrast, adults are more likely to present with hypertension in approximately 40% of cases, and [[hematuria]] in approximately 30% of cases. A reduced estimated [[glomerular filtration rate]] (eGFR) at presentation is also not uncommon. Finally, upper respiratory tract infection, such as [[pneumonia]] in an otherwise healthy individual, may be the first sign of nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease. | The hallmark of minimal change disease in children is acute-onset [[proteinuria]] that progresses into [[nephrotic syndrome]]. [[Fatigue]] and subsequent [[edema]] develops with symptoms of [[periorbital edema]] and [[weight gain]]. Children are less likely to present with other clinical features, such as [[hypertension]], [[renal failure]], or [[hematuria]]. In contrast, adults are more likely to present with hypertension in approximately 40% of cases, and [[hematuria]] in approximately 30% of cases. A reduced estimated [[glomerular filtration rate]] (eGFR) at presentation is also not uncommon. Finally, upper respiratory tract infection, such as [[pneumonia]] in an otherwise healthy individual, may be the first sign of nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
The hallmark of minimal change disease is [[proteinuria]].<ref name="pmid27940460">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Edema]]: [[periorbital edema]], [[weight gain]]<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450 }} </ref> | * [[Edema]]: [[periorbital edema]], [[weight gain]]<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450 }} </ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The hallmark of minimal change disease in children is acute-onset proteinuria that progresses into nephrotic syndrome. Fatigue and subsequent edema develops with symptoms of periorbital edema and weight gain. Children are less likely to present with other clinical features, such as hypertension, renal failure, or hematuria. In contrast, adults are more likely to present with hypertension in approximately 40% of cases, and hematuria in approximately 30% of cases. A reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation is also not uncommon. Finally, upper respiratory tract infection, such as pneumonia in an otherwise healthy individual, may be the first sign of nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease.
History and Symptoms
The hallmark of minimal change disease is proteinuria.[1]
- Fatigue
- Edema: periorbital edema, weight gain[2]
- Hypertension
- Hematuria[2][3]
- Symptoms of infections, such as pneumonia[2]
- Irritability
- Headache
- Depression[3]
- Symptoms due to complications of nephrotic syndrome:
- Thromboembolism
- Cardiovascular disease
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypovitaminosis D[3]
References
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G; et al. (2007). "Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (3): 445–53. doi:10.2215/CJN.03531006. PMID 17699450.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Saha TC, Singh H (2006). "Minimal change disease: a review". South Med J. 99 (11): 1264–70. PMID 17195422.