Hyponatremia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics == | ==Epidemiology and Demographics == | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
* Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances encountered in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of acutely or chronically hospitalized patients <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20062">{{cite journal|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|year=2006|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|pages=S30–S35|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005|issn=00029343|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish}}</ref>. | * Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances encountered in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of acutely or chronically hospitalized patients <ref name="UpadhyayJaber20062">{{cite journal|last2=Jaber|first2=Bertrand L.|last3=Madias|first3=Nicolaos E.|year=2006|title=Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=119|issue=7|pages=S30–S35|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005|issn=00029343|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Ashish}}</ref>. 7.7 % in outpatients with electrolyte disorders | ||
* Hyponatremia is seen in up to 27% of patients with heart failure (HF) <ref name="BettariFiuzat2012">{{cite journal|last1=Bettari|first1=Luca|last2=Fiuzat|first2=Mona|last3=Shaw|first3=Linda K.|last4=Wojdyla|first4=Daniel M.|last5=Metra|first5=Marco|last6=Felker|first6=G. Michael|last7=O’Connor|first7=Christopher M.|title=Hyponatremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure—An Observational Study From the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases|journal=Journal of Cardiac Failure|volume=18|issue=1|year=2012|pages=74–81|issn=10719164|doi=10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.09.005}}</ref> and up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and ascites are found to be hyponatremic <ref name="AngeliWong2006">{{cite journal|last1=Angeli|first1=Paolo|last2=Wong|first2=Florence|last3=Watson|first3=Hugh|last4=Ginès|first4=Pere|title=Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Results of a patient population survey|journal=Hepatology|volume=44|issue=6|year=2006|pages=1535–1542|issn=02709139|doi=10.1002/hep.21412}}</ref> | * Hyponatremia is seen in up to 27% of patients with heart failure (HF) <ref name="BettariFiuzat2012">{{cite journal|last1=Bettari|first1=Luca|last2=Fiuzat|first2=Mona|last3=Shaw|first3=Linda K.|last4=Wojdyla|first4=Daniel M.|last5=Metra|first5=Marco|last6=Felker|first6=G. Michael|last7=O’Connor|first7=Christopher M.|title=Hyponatremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure—An Observational Study From the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases|journal=Journal of Cardiac Failure|volume=18|issue=1|year=2012|pages=74–81|issn=10719164|doi=10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.09.005}}</ref> and up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and ascites are found to be hyponatremic <ref name="AngeliWong2006">{{cite journal|last1=Angeli|first1=Paolo|last2=Wong|first2=Florence|last3=Watson|first3=Hugh|last4=Ginès|first4=Pere|title=Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Results of a patient population survey|journal=Hepatology|volume=44|issue=6|year=2006|pages=1535–1542|issn=02709139|doi=10.1002/hep.21412}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 16:26, 21 May 2018
|
Hyponatremia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hyponatremia epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyponatremia epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyponatremia epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Its frequency is higher in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. The incidence of hyponatremia depends largely on the patient population. A hospital incidence of 15–20% is common, while only 3–5% of patients who are hospitalized have a serum sodium level of less than 130 mEq/L. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 30% of elderly patients in nursing homes and is also present in approximately 30% of depressed patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbances encountered in clinical practice, occurring in 15%-30% of acutely or chronically hospitalized patients [2]. 7.7 % in outpatients with electrolyte disorders
- Hyponatremia is seen in up to 27% of patients with heart failure (HF) [3] and up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and ascites are found to be hyponatremic [4]
.
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Schrier, Robert W. "Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?" Nature Reviews Nephrology. Vol 6, Apr 2010; p 185.
- ↑ Upadhyay, Ashish; Jaber, Bertrand L.; Madias, Nicolaos E. (2006). "Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (7): S30–S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ Bettari, Luca; Fiuzat, Mona; Shaw, Linda K.; Wojdyla, Daniel M.; Metra, Marco; Felker, G. Michael; O’Connor, Christopher M. (2012). "Hyponatremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure—An Observational Study From the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases". Journal of Cardiac Failure. 18 (1): 74–81. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.09.005. ISSN 1071-9164.
- ↑ Angeli, Paolo; Wong, Florence; Watson, Hugh; Ginès, Pere (2006). "Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Results of a patient population survey". Hepatology. 44 (6): 1535–1542. doi:10.1002/hep.21412. ISSN 0270-9139.