Hyponatremia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* Institutionalize schizophrenic patients | * Institutionalize schizophrenic patients | ||
* Excess intake of water with no protein intake (↓ urea excretion causes ↓water excretion) like potomania | * Excess intake of water with no protein intake (↓ urea excretion causes ↓water excretion) like potomania, tea and toast diet | ||
* Diuretics especially thiazides (low body weight, tendency to increased water intake, decreased diluting ability of kidney,and hypokalemia increase the risk for thiazide associated hyponatremia) <ref>{{Cite journal | * Diuretics especially thiazides (low body weight, tendency to increased water intake, decreased diluting ability of kidney,and hypokalemia increase the risk for thiazide associated hyponatremia) <ref>{{Cite journal | ||
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* [[Drugs cause hyponatremia|Drugs]] with different mechanisms | * [[Drugs cause hyponatremia|Drugs]] with different mechanisms | ||
* Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuresis (SIAD): SIADH and gain of function mutation of V2 receptors | * Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuresis (SIAD): SIADH and gain of function mutation of V2 receptors | ||
* Chronic diseases cirrhosis, congestive heart failure | * Chronic diseases like cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, severe kidney disease <ref name="LiamisRodenburg2013">{{cite journal|last1=Liamis|first1=George|last2=Rodenburg|first2=Eline M.|last3=Hofman|first3=Albert|last4=Zietse|first4=Robert|last5=Stricker|first5=Bruno H.|last6=Hoorn|first6=Ewout J.|title=Electrolyte Disorders in Community Subjects: Prevalence and Risk Factors|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=126|issue=3|year=2013|pages=256–263|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037}}</ref> | ||
* Low body weight | |||
* Hospitalized patients those with pneumonia, persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid <ref>{{Cite journal | * Hospitalized patients those with pneumonia, persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid <ref>{{Cite journal | ||
Revision as of 19:33, 21 May 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk fac tor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
Risk Factors
- Strenuous exercise like marathon and triathlon runner [1]
- Institutionalize schizophrenic patients
- Excess intake of water with no protein intake (↓ urea excretion causes ↓water excretion) like potomania, tea and toast diet
- Diuretics especially thiazides (low body weight, tendency to increased water intake, decreased diluting ability of kidney,and hypokalemia increase the risk for thiazide associated hyponatremia) [2]
- Drugs with different mechanisms
- Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuresis (SIAD): SIADH and gain of function mutation of V2 receptors
- Chronic diseases like cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, severe kidney disease [3]
- Low body weight
- Hospitalized patients those with pneumonia, persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid [4]
- Elderly patients, those who had previous episodes of hyponatremia [5]
References
- ↑ Christopher S. D. Almond, Andrew Y. Shin, Elizabeth B. Fortescue, Rebekah C. Mannix, David Wypij, Bryce A. Binstadt, Christine N. Duncan, David P. Olson, Ann E. Salerno, Jane W. Newburger & David S. Greenes (2005). "Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon". The New England journal of medicine. 352 (15): 1550–1556. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043901. PMID 15829535. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Alexander A. Leung, Adam Wright, Valeria Pazo, Andrew Karson & David W. Bates (2011). "Risk of thiazide-induced hyponatremia in patients with hypertension". The American journal of medicine. 124 (11): 1064–1072. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.06.031. PMID 22017784. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Liamis, George; Rodenburg, Eline M.; Hofman, Albert; Zietse, Robert; Stricker, Bruno H.; Hoorn, Ewout J. (2013). "Electrolyte Disorders in Community Subjects: Prevalence and Risk Factors". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (3): 256–263. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ K. A. Neville, C. F. Verge, A. R. Rosenberg, M. W. O'Meara & J. L. Walker (2006). "Isotonic is better than hypotonic saline for intravenous rehydration of children with gastroenteritis: a prospective randomised study". Archives of disease in childhood. 91 (3): 226–232. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.084103. PMID 16352625. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ T. J. Wilkinson, E. J. Begg, A. C. Winter & R. Sainsbury (1999). "Incidence and risk factors for hyponatraemia following treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine in elderly people". British journal of clinical pharmacology. 47 (2): 211–217. PMID 10190657. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)