Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:57, 23 July 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. ibodies t

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. ^[1]^[2]

Common risk factrors

Pre existing renal disease

Presence of HLA-DRB1, HLA DP1, DQ and DRB4s
Upper respiratory tract infection
Sepsis
Tobacco smoking
IV drug abuse

Less common risk factors

Cocaine use
Exposure to hydrocarbons( formaldehyde)
HIgh concenteration of FiO₂

References

↑ Hellmark T, Segelmark M (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM)". J Autoimmun. 48-49: 108–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024. PMID 24456936.
↑ Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA (1992). "The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome)". Am J Ind Med. 21 (2): 141–53. PMID 1536151.

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[pmid24456936-1] Hellmark T, Segelmark M (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM)". J Autoimmun. 48-49: 108–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024. PMID 24456936.

[pmid1536151-2] Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA (1992). "The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome)". Am J Ind Med. 21 (2): 141–53. PMID 1536151.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Common risk factors in the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be occupational, environmental, [[genetic]], and [[viral]]. However, we don't know what causes the antibodies to form.
+Common risk factors in the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be occupational, environmental, [[genetic]], and [[viral]]. ibodies t
 ==Risk Factors==
 Common risk factors in the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may be occupational, environmental, [[genetic]], and [[viral]]. <ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue=  | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1536151">{{cite journal| author=Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA| title=The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). | journal=Am J Ind Med | year= 1992 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-53 | pmid=1536151 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1536151  }} </ref>
-*Recent studies suggest that infections such as [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] may play a role through [[molecular mimicry]] and increase the risk of developing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
-*Other factors that may increase the risk of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and early initiation of disease include [[behavioral]] and social factors.
+=== Common risk factrors ===
-**An example of environmental, [[genetic]], behavioral and social factors include [[smoking]], using [[cocaine]], being exposed to solvents such as [[formaldehyde]] and [[hydrocarbons]].
+* Pre existing renal disease
-**Genetically, the presence of allele HLA DRB1-1501 is strongly correlated to the disease.<ref name="pmid19741587">{{cite journal| author=Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, Jia XY, Zhang Y, Zhao MH| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2009 | volume= 76 | issue= 10 | pages= 1108-15 | pmid=19741587 | doi=10.1038/ki.2009.348 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19741587  }} </ref>
-**The allele HLA DRB1-1501 is present in over 80% of patients would Goodpasture syndrome.<ref name="pmid27049372">{{cite journal| author=Couser WG| title=Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis-an update. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-22 | pmid=27049372 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27049372  }} </ref>
+* Presence of HLA-DRB1, HLA DP1, DQ and DRB4s
-**It is also suggestive that the disease may be initiated following a [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] infection, however, there is no specific cause of why this occurs. Possible antigens such as that found in the [[influenza virus]] may play a role due to cross-reactivity in the [[basement membrane]].<ref name="pmid4571918">{{cite journal| author=Wilson CB, Dixon FJ| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1973 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 74-89 | pmid=4571918 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4571918  }}</ref>
+* Upper respiratory tract infection
-*In addition, any of the following conditions may also increase [[antibody]] access to the [[alveolar]] and [[Glomerular basement membrane|glomerular basement membranes]]:
+* Sepsis
-**[[Upper respiratory infections]]
+* Tobacco smoking
-**[[Septicemia]]
+* IV drug abuse
-**Volatile [[hydrocarbons]]
-**Increased capillary [[hydrostatic pressure]]
+=== Less common risk factors ===
-**Tobacco [[smoking]]
+* Cocaine use
-**High concentrations of [[FiO2]] (oxygen)
+* Exposure to hydrocarbons( formaldehyde)
+* HIgh concenteration of FiO<sub>2</sub>
 ==References==