Hyponatremia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
===History==={{Columns-list|2| | ===History=== | ||
{{Columns-list|2| | |||
* Drug history | * Drug history | ||
* Diet history | * Diet history | ||
* History of [[volume loss]]: [[Diarrhea]], [[vomiting]] | * History of [[volume loss]]: [[Diarrhea]], [[vomiting]] | ||
* History of decreased urine output | * History of decreased urine output | ||
* Chronic illnesses: [[CHF]], [[Renal failure|RF]] | * Chronic illnesses: [[CHF]], [[Renal failure|RF]] | ||
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*History of GI disorders | *History of GI disorders | ||
<nowiki>}}To see the different causes of hyponatremia, click </nowiki>[[Hyponatremia causes#Causes|here]]. | <nowiki>}}To see the different causes of hyponatremia, click </nowiki>[[Hyponatremia causes#Causes|here]]. | ||
}} | |||
===Common Symptoms === | ===Common Symptoms === | ||
The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity. Development of [[cerebral edema]], increased [[intracerebral pressure]] and [[cerebral hypoxia]] are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the [[Hyponatremia natural history, complications and prognosis#Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis|complications]] of hyponatremia. | The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity. Development of [[cerebral edema]], increased [[intracerebral pressure]] and [[cerebral hypoxia]] are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the [[Hyponatremia natural history, complications and prognosis#Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis|complications]] of hyponatremia. | ||
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* '''Acute neurologic changes:''' [[seizures]], altered [[mental status]], [[coma]] , [[focal neurologic signs]] | * '''Acute neurologic changes:''' [[seizures]], altered [[mental status]], [[coma]] , [[focal neurologic signs]] | ||
* '''Moderate symptoms''' | * '''Moderate symptoms'''{{Columns-list|2| | ||
** [[Nausea]] | ** [[Nausea]] | ||
** [[Malaise]] | ** [[Malaise]] | ||
Revision as of 14:15, 4 June 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
Symptoms associated with hyponatremia are caused mostly by impairment of brain function. There is an spectrum of signs from no detectable presentation to death. To evaluate the causes of hyponatremia, careful history has to be taken. Drug history and past medical history can lead to the most common causes of hyponatremia.
History and Symptoms
History
Common Symptoms
The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity. Development of cerebral edema, increased intracerebral pressure and cerebral hypoxia are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the complications of hyponatremia.
- Asymptomatic
- Acute neurologic changes: seizures, altered mental status, coma , focal neurologic signs
- Moderate symptoms{{Columns-list|2|
- Nausea
- Malaise
- Headache
- Confusion
- Loss of energy and fatigue
- Restlessness and irritability
- Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Dizziness
- Gait disturbances
- Forgetfulness
}}
- Severe
- Vomiting
- Cardio-respiratory distress
- Abnormal and deep somnolence
- Seizures
- Coma (Glasgow Coma Scale 8)
- Delirium
- Impaired consciousness
- Mild chronic hyponatremia (plasma sodium 125–135 mEq/L) may cause subtle neurocognitive deficits that can be detected by careful testing ,these deficits improve when the plasma sodium is normalized.[1]
Less Common Symptoms
References
- ↑ F. C. Bartter & W. B. Schwartz (1967). "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone". The American journal of medicine. 42 (5): 790–806. PMID 5337379. Unknown parameter
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