Hyponatremia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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* Severe hyponatremia with using [[Benzodiazepines|benzodiazepine]] and diuretics simultaneously | * Severe hyponatremia with using [[Benzodiazepines|benzodiazepine]] and diuretics simultaneously | ||
* [[Drugs cause hyponatremia|Drugs]] with different mechanisms | * [[Drugs cause hyponatremia|Drugs]] with different mechanisms | ||
* Chronic diseases like [[cirrhosis]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]] and severe kidney disease <ref name="LiamisRodenburg2013">{{cite journal|last1=Liamis|first1=George|last2=Rodenburg|first2=Eline M.|last3=Hofman|first3=Albert|last4=Zietse|first4=Robert|last5=Stricker|first5=Bruno H.|last6=Hoorn|first6=Ewout J.|title=Electrolyte Disorders in Community Subjects: Prevalence and Risk Factors|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=126|issue=3|year=2013|pages=256–263|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037}}</ref> | * Chronic diseases like [[cirrhosis]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]] and severe kidney disease <ref name="LiamisRodenburg2013">{{cite journal|last1=Liamis|first1=George|last2=Rodenburg|first2=Eline M.|last3=Hofman|first3=Albert|last4=Zietse|first4=Robert|last5=Stricker|first5=Bruno H.|last6=Hoorn|first6=Ewout J.|title=Electrolyte Disorders in Community Subjects: Prevalence and Risk Factors|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=126|issue=3|year=2013|pages=256–263|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037}}</ref> | ||
* Low body weight | * Low body weight | ||
* Hospitalized patients those with [[pneumonia]], persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid <ref>{{Cite journal | * Hospitalized patients those with [[pneumonia]], persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid <ref>{{Cite journal | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]
Overview
Hyponatremia, the most common electrolyte abnormality, is more common in patients with chronic underlying diseases. Certain drugs, low body weight and previous history of hyponatremia are the most prominent risk factors for developing hyponatremia.
Risk Factors
- Strenuous exercise like marathon and triathlon runner [1]
- Institutionalize schizophrenic patients
- Excess intake of water with no protein intake (↓ urea excretion causes ↓water excretion) like potomania, tea and toast diet
- Diuretics especially thiazides ( older age, female gender, low body weight, tendency to increased water intake, decreased diluting ability of kidney, and hypokalemia increase the risk for thiazide associated hyponatremia) [2]
- Severe hyponatremia with using benzodiazepine and diuretics simultaneously
- Drugs with different mechanisms
- Chronic diseases like cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and severe kidney disease [3]
- Low body weight
- Hospitalized patients those with pneumonia, persons admitted to Intensive care unit, post surgery, patients with central nervous system disorder and patients receiving hypotonic fluid [4]
- Elderly patients, those who had previous episodes of hyponatremia [5]
References
- ↑ Christopher S. D. Almond, Andrew Y. Shin, Elizabeth B. Fortescue, Rebekah C. Mannix, David Wypij, Bryce A. Binstadt, Christine N. Duncan, David P. Olson, Ann E. Salerno, Jane W. Newburger & David S. Greenes (2005). "Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon". The New England journal of medicine. 352 (15): 1550–1556. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043901. PMID 15829535. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Alexander A. Leung, Adam Wright, Valeria Pazo, Andrew Karson & David W. Bates (2011). "Risk of thiazide-induced hyponatremia in patients with hypertension". The American journal of medicine. 124 (11): 1064–1072. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.06.031. PMID 22017784. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Liamis, George; Rodenburg, Eline M.; Hofman, Albert; Zietse, Robert; Stricker, Bruno H.; Hoorn, Ewout J. (2013). "Electrolyte Disorders in Community Subjects: Prevalence and Risk Factors". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (3): 256–263. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.037. ISSN 0002-9343.
- ↑ K. A. Neville, C. F. Verge, A. R. Rosenberg, M. W. O'Meara & J. L. Walker (2006). "Isotonic is better than hypotonic saline for intravenous rehydration of children with gastroenteritis: a prospective randomised study". Archives of disease in childhood. 91 (3): 226–232. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.084103. PMID 16352625. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ T. J. Wilkinson, E. J. Begg, A. C. Winter & R. Sainsbury (1999). "Incidence and risk factors for hyponatraemia following treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine in elderly people". British journal of clinical pharmacology. 47 (2): 211–217. PMID 10190657. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)