Lead poisoning physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with chronic [[lead poisoning]] usually appear very sick. Physical examination of patients with [[lead poisoning]] is usually remarkable for [[neurological]], [[gastrointestinal]], and [[hematological] problems. | Patients with chronic [[lead poisoning]] usually appear very sick. Physical examination of patients with [[lead poisoning]] is usually remarkable for [[neurological]], [[gastrointestinal]], and [[hematological]] problems. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Revision as of 01:57, 20 June 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, MD
Overview
Patients with chronic lead poisoning usually appear very sick. Physical examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually remarkable for neurological, gastrointestinal, and hematological problems.
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually remarkable for:
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with lead poisoning usually appear normal.
Vital Signs
- Tachycardia with regular pulse might be present due to anemia
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually normal.
HEENT
- Abnormalities of the head may include :
- Burton's lines
- Icteric sclera
- Headache
- Metallic taste
- Irritability
- Insomnia
- excess lethargy
- hyperactivity
- seizure
- coma
- learning disability
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with lead poisoning might experience chest pain.
Abdomen
Abdominal examination of patients with lead poisoning might reveal:
Back
- Back examination of patients with lead poisoning is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with lead poisoning might show:
- Acute nephropathy - manifests with tubular defects, including phosphaturia, glucosuria and amino aciduria. This combination of tubular defects is referred as Fanconi’s syndrome.
- Chronic nephropathy - characterized histologically with chronic interstitial nephritis and is associated with gout and hypertension.
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with lead poisoning might manifest with the following:
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
- Delirium
- Hallucinations
- Weakness of extensor muscles (eg, foot drop, wrist drop)
- Hypersomnolent or have difficulty falling asleep
- ataxia
Extremities
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