Kidney stone epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Various studies have found epidemiological data based on time and population as mentioned:<ref name="pmid26088071">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shoag J, Tasian GE, Goldfarb DS, Eisner BH |title=The new epidemiology of nephrolithiasis |journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=273–8 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26088071 |doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24497682">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roudakova K, Monga M |title=The evolving epidemiology of stone disease |journal=Indian J Urol |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=44–8 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24497682 |pmc=3897053 |doi=10.4103/0970-1591.124206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17678980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Curhan GC |title=Epidemiology of stone disease |journal=Urol. Clin. North Am. |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=287–93 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17678980 |pmc=2693870 |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.04.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28868500">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR |title=Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis |journal=Investig Clin Urol |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=299–306 |date=September 2017 |pmid=28868500 |pmc=5577325 |doi=10.4111/icu.2017.58.5.299 |url=}}</ref>
Various studies have found epidemiological data based on time and population as mentioned:<ref name="pmid26088071">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shoag J, Tasian GE, Goldfarb DS, Eisner BH |title=The new epidemiology of nephrolithiasis |journal=Adv Chronic Kidney Dis |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=273–8 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26088071 |doi=10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24497682">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roudakova K, Monga M |title=The evolving epidemiology of stone disease |journal=Indian J Urol |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=44–8 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24497682 |pmc=3897053 |doi=10.4103/0970-1591.124206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17678980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Curhan GC |title=Epidemiology of stone disease |journal=Urol. Clin. North Am. |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=287–93 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17678980 |pmc=2693870 |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.04.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28868500">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR |title=Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis |journal=Investig Clin Urol |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=299–306 |date=September 2017 |pmid=28868500 |pmc=5577325 |doi=10.4111/icu.2017.58.5.299 |url=}}</ref>
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of nephrolithiasis is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In 2000, the incidence/prevalence of nephrolithiasis was estimated to be 116 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid20811557">{{cite journal |vauthors=Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG |title=Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors |journal=Rev Urol |volume=12 |issue=2-3 |pages=e86–96 |date=2010 |pmid=20811557 |pmc=2931286 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In 2000, the incidence/prevalence of nephrolithiasis was estimated to be 116 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid20811557">{{cite journal |vauthors=Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG |title=Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors |journal=Rev Urol |volume=12 |issue=2-3 |pages=e86–96 |date=2010 |pmid=20811557 |pmc=2931286 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The prevalence of nephrolithiasis  is approximately 1116 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.which come to every 1 in 11 person in United States has kidney stones.<ref name="pmid224986352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scales CD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS |title=Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States |journal=Eur. Urol. |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=160–5 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22498635 |pmc=3362665 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052 |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of nephrolithiasis  is approximately 1116 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*It has increased from every 1 in 20 to 1 in 11 person in United States has kidney stones.<ref name="pmid224986352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scales CD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS |title=Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States |journal=Eur. Urol. |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=160–5 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22498635 |pmc=3362665 |doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052 |url=}}</ref>
*According to American Journal of Kidney disease, 2016, 8% of women and 16% of men are developing nephrolithiasis by the age of 70 years.
*According to American Journal of Kidney disease, 2016, 8% of women and 16% of men are developing nephrolithiasis by the age of 70 years.
*According to 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of the United State,s there is an annual burden of more than 1,100,000 emergency department visits with a primary diagnosis of renal calculus or colic.<ref name="pmid16502058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brown J |title=Diagnostic and treatment patterns for renal colic in US emergency departments |journal=Int Urol Nephrol |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=87–92 |date=2006 |pmid=16502058 |doi=10.1007/s11255-005-3622-6 |url=}}</ref>
*According to 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of the United State,s there is an annual burden of more than 1,100,000 emergency department visits with a primary diagnosis of renal calculus or colic.<ref name="pmid16502058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brown J |title=Diagnostic and treatment patterns for renal colic in US emergency departments |journal=Int Urol Nephrol |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=87–92 |date=2006 |pmid=16502058 |doi=10.1007/s11255-005-3622-6 |url=}}</ref>

Revision as of 23:37, 21 June 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Various studies have found epidemiological data based on time and population as mentioned:[1][2][3][4]

Incidence

  • In 2000, the incidence/prevalence of nephrolithiasis was estimated to be 116 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[5]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is approximately 1116 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • It has increased from every 1 in 20 to 1 in 11 person in United States has kidney stones.[6]
  • According to American Journal of Kidney disease, 2016, 8% of women and 16% of men are developing nephrolithiasis by the age of 70 years.
  • According to 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of the United State,s there is an annual burden of more than 1,100,000 emergency department visits with a primary diagnosis of renal calculus or colic.[7]

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • "There is no independent association of prevalent kidney stone disease with all-cause and CV mortality."[8]

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
  • The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
  • [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
  • [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
  • [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

Race

  • Nephrolithiasis usually affects individuals of the white/Caucasian ethnicity.

Gender

  • Males are more commonly affected by nephrolithiaisis than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[9]
  • The trend keeps on changing , a study in 2010 claims the incidence rate ratio of men to women with urinary tract stones has narrowed from 3.4 to 1.3.[10]
  • Females are having increasing incidence rates owing to increase lifestyle disease like obesity.

Region

  • The majority of nephrolithiasis cases are reported in southeast belt of the United States.
  • The number of cases increase from north to south and from west to east
  • The states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee are considered in the “stone belt.”[11]
  • The ambient temperature and sunlight levels as risk factors for stones and differences in exposure to temperature and sunlight and beverages are also responsible for geographic variability.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Shoag J, Tasian GE, Goldfarb DS, Eisner BH (July 2015). "The new epidemiology of nephrolithiasis". Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 22 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2015.04.004. PMID 26088071.
  2. ↑ Roudakova K, Monga M (January 2014). "The evolving epidemiology of stone disease". Indian J Urol. 30 (1): 44–8. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.124206. PMC 3897053. PMID 24497682.
  3. ↑ Curhan GC (August 2007). "Epidemiology of stone disease". Urol. Clin. North Am. 34 (3): 287–93. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.04.003. PMC 2693870. PMID 17678980.
  4. ↑ Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR (September 2017). "Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis". Investig Clin Urol. 58 (5): 299–306. doi:10.4111/icu.2017.58.5.299. PMC 5577325. PMID 28868500.
  5. ↑ Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG (2010). "Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors". Rev Urol. 12 (2–3): e86–96. PMC 2931286. PMID 20811557.
  6. ↑ Scales CD, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS (July 2012). "Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States". Eur. Urol. 62 (1): 160–5. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052. PMC 3362665. PMID 22498635.
  7. ↑ Brown J (2006). "Diagnostic and treatment patterns for renal colic in US emergency departments". Int Urol Nephrol. 38 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1007/s11255-005-3622-6. PMID 16502058.
  8. ↑ Tang J, Mettler P, McFann K, Chonchol M (2013). "The association of prevalent kidney stone disease with mortality in US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994". Am. J. Nephrol. 37 (5): 501–6. doi:10.1159/000350691. PMC 4278430. PMID 23635714.
  9. ↑ Pfau, Anja; Knauf, Felix (2016). "Update on Nephrolithiasis: Core Curriculum 2016". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 68 (6): 973–985. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.016. ISSN 0272-6386.
  10. ↑ Strope SA, Wolf JS, Hollenbeck BK (March 2010). "Changes in gender distribution of urinary stone disease". Urology. 75 (3): 543–6, 546.e1. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.007. PMC 3410535. PMID 19854493.
  11. ↑ Soucie JM, Thun MJ, Coates RJ, McClellan W, Austin H (September 1994). "Demographic and geographic variability of kidney stones in the United States". Kidney Int. 46 (3): 893–9. PMID 7996811.
  12. ↑ Soucie JM, Coates RJ, McClellan W, Austin H, Thun M (March 1996). "Relation between geographic variability in kidney stones prevalence and risk factors for stones". Am. J. Epidemiol. 143 (5): 487–95. PMID 8610664.

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