Hypocalcemia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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===Common Symptoms=== | ===Common Symptoms=== | ||
Common symptoms of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE| issn = 1756-1833| volume = 336| issue = 7656| pages = 1298–1302| last1 = Cooper| first1 = Mark S.| last2 = Gittoes| first2 = Neil J. L.| title = Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia| journal = BMJ (Clinical research ed.)| date = 2008-06-07| pmid = 18535072| pmc = PMC2413335}}</ref><ref name="pmid2004255">{{cite journal |vauthors=Macefield G, Burke D |title=Paraesthesiae and tetany induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Increased excitability of human cutaneous and motor axons |journal=Brain |volume=114 ( Pt 1B) |issue= |pages=527–40 |date=February 1991 |pmid=2004255 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Common symptoms of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE| issn = 1756-1833| volume = 336| issue = 7656| pages = 1298–1302| last1 = Cooper| first1 = Mark S.| last2 = Gittoes| first2 = Neil J. L.| title = Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia| journal = BMJ (Clinical research ed.)| date = 2008-06-07| pmid = 18535072| pmc = PMC2413335}}</ref><ref name="pmid2004255">{{cite journal |vauthors=Macefield G, Burke D |title=Paraesthesiae and tetany induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Increased excitability of human cutaneous and motor axons |journal=Brain |volume=114 ( Pt 1B) |issue= |pages=527–40 |date=February 1991 |pmid=2004255 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23148147">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | ||
'''Neuromuscular Excitability''' | '''Neuromuscular Excitability''' | ||
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==== Less Common Symptoms ==== | ==== Less Common Symptoms ==== | ||
Less common symptoms of [[hypocalcemia]] include | Less common symptoms of [[hypocalcemia]] include<ref name="pmid231481472">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Cognitive]] deficits | * [[Cognitive]] deficits | ||
* [[Extrapyramidal symptom|Extrapyramidal]] symptoms | * [[Extrapyramidal symptom|Extrapyramidal]] symptoms | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Clinical presentation of hypocalcemia reflects the serum level of ionized calcium and depends on the severity of any concurrent electrolyte imbalance. Overt symptoms occur when ionized calcium falls below 3.2 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L).An abrupt fall in the serum calcium level typically manifests as neuromuscular excitability in the form of tetany and tingling. Patients who develop hypocalcemia gradually may be asymptomatic.In addition to fatigue and muscle weakness, longstanding hypocalcemia is usually associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
History and Symptoms
- The majority of patients with mild hypocalcemia are asymptomatic
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of hypocalcemia include:[1][2][3]
Neuromuscular Excitability
- Tetany: which is hallmark of acute hypocalcemia
- Paresthesias or tingling
- Muscle spasms: Muscle twitching and cramping
Central Nervous System Features
Cardiovascular Features
Pulmonary
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of hypocalcemia include[4]
- Cognitive deficits
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Dermatitis
- Dry skin
- Brittle nails
References
- ↑ Cooper, Mark S.; Gittoes, Neil J. L. (2008-06-07). "Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 336 (7656): 1298–1302. doi:10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 2413335. PMID 18535072.
- ↑ Macefield G, Burke D (February 1991). "Paraesthesiae and tetany induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Increased excitability of human cutaneous and motor axons". Brain. 114 ( Pt 1B): 527–40. PMID 2004255.
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.