Urethral cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Urethral cancer}} | {{Urethral cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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==Microscopic Pathology== | ==Microscopic Pathology== | ||
The microscopic view of [[urethral cancer]] is depended on the location of teh cancer. The type of the cancer in the distal part of the urethra is usually [[squamous cell]]. <ref name="pmid23116581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grivas PD, Davenport M, Montie JE, Kunju LP, Feng F, Weizer AZ |title=Urethral cancer |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1291–314 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23116581 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.006 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Female]]<ref name="pmid23608423">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cantiello F, Cicione A, Salonia A, Autorino R, Tucci L, Madeo I, Damiano R |title=Periurethral fibrosis secondary to prostatic inflammation causing lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective cohort study |journal=Urology |volume=81 |issue=5 |pages=1018–23 |date=May 2013 |pmid=23608423 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.053 |url=}}</ref> | * [[Female]]<ref name="pmid23608423">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cantiello F, Cicione A, Salonia A, Autorino R, Tucci L, Madeo I, Damiano R |title=Periurethral fibrosis secondary to prostatic inflammation causing lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective cohort study |journal=Urology |volume=81 |issue=5 |pages=1018–23 |date=May 2013 |pmid=23608423 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.053 |url=}}</ref> | ||
:* The [[female]] [[urethra]] is lined by [[transitional cell]] [[mucosa]] proximally and [[stratified]] [[squamous]] cells distally. | :* The [[female]] [[urethra]] is lined by [[transitional cell]] [[mucosa]] proximally and [[stratified]] [[squamous]] cells distally. | ||
:* Therefore, [[transitional cell carcinoma]] is most common in the [[proximal]] [[urethra]] | :* Therefore, [[transitional cell carcinoma]] is most common in the [[proximal]] [[urethra]] | ||
:* [[Adenocarcinoma]] may occur in both locations and arises from [[metaplasia]] of the numerous [[Periurethral phlegmon|periurethral]] [[glands]]. | :* [[Adenocarcinoma]] may occur in both locations and arises from [[metaplasia]] of the numerous [[Periurethral phlegmon|periurethral]] [[glands]]. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Urethral cancer is a rare disease. The pathophysiology of urethral cancer depends on the histological subtypes.
Pathogenesis
Mucous cells in the urethra have the ability to turnover rapidly. It has been suggested that defect in DNA repair mechanism may cause urethral cancer.
Chronic inflammation:
Infection: HPV type 16,
Irritation of the urethra:
Other: Arsenic ingestion
Genetics
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
The microscopic view of urethral cancer is depended on the location of teh cancer. The type of the cancer in the distal part of the urethra is usually squamous cell. [1]
- The female urethra is lined by transitional cell mucosa proximally and stratified squamous cells distally.
- Therefore, transitional cell carcinoma is most common in the proximal urethra
- Adenocarcinoma may occur in both locations and arises from metaplasia of the numerous periurethral glands.
- The male urethra is lined by transitional cells in its prostatic and membranous portion and stratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium in the bulbous and penile portions.
- The submucosa of the urethra contains numerous glands.
- Therefore, urethral cancer in the male can manifest the histological characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma.
- Except for the prostatic urethra, where transitional cell carcinoma is most common, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histology of urethral neoplasms.
- Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethra may be associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and/or transitional cell carcinoma arising in prostatic ducts.
References
- ↑ Grivas PD, Davenport M, Montie JE, Kunju LP, Feng F, Weizer AZ (December 2012). "Urethral cancer". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 26 (6): 1291–314. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.006. PMID 23116581.
- ↑ Cantiello F, Cicione A, Salonia A, Autorino R, Tucci L, Madeo I, Damiano R (May 2013). "Periurethral fibrosis secondary to prostatic inflammation causing lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective cohort study". Urology. 81 (5): 1018–23. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.053. PMID 23608423.