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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis''' or MPGN, also called [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis]] is a type of [[glomerulonephritis]] caused by [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] depositing in the [[kidney]] [[glomerular]] [[mesangium]] and [[basement membrane]] ([[GBM]]), these [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] activate [[complement system|complement]] resulting in damaging the [[Glomerulus|glomeruli]]. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the [[microscope]]. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon [[inflammatory]] [[glomerulopathy]] that can cause chronic [[nephritis]]. Based on the [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerular|glomerular i]]<nowiki/>njury it has been described as a [[chronic kidney disease]] found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] injury characterized by [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis|mesangial]] [[proliferation]] and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] mesangium or on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with [[hematuria]], varying degrees of [[proteinuria]], with or without [[Glomerular filtration rate]] impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal [[prognosis]] should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is [[autoimmune diseases]]. | '''Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis''' or MPGN, also called [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis]] is a type of [[glomerulonephritis]] caused by [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] depositing in the [[kidney]] [[glomerular]] [[mesangium]] and [[basement membrane]] ([[GBM]]), these [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] activate [[complement system|complement]] resulting in damaging the [[Glomerulus|glomeruli]]. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the [[microscope]]. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon [[inflammatory]] [[glomerulopathy]] that can cause chronic [[nephritis]]. Based on the [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerular|glomerular i]]<nowiki/>njury it has been described as a [[chronic kidney disease]] found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] injury characterized by [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis|mesangial]] [[proliferation]] and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] mesangium or on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with [[hematuria]], varying degrees of [[proteinuria]], with or without [[Glomerular filtration rate]] impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal [[prognosis]] should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is [[autoimmune diseases]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===X-ray=== | |||
===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== | |||
===CT scan=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
=== Interventions === | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
==References== | |||
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{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
Revision as of 19:11, 27 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or MPGN, also called mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis is a type of glomerulonephritis caused by immune complexes depositing in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane (GBM), these immune complexes activate complement resulting in damaging the glomeruli. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the microscope. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon inflammatory glomerulopathy that can cause chronic nephritis. Based on the histological pattern of glomerular injury it has been described as a chronic kidney disease found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of glomerular injury characterized by mesangial proliferation and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of immune complexes on the glomerular mesangium or on the glomerular basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of histological pattern of glomerular damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with hematuria, varying degrees of proteinuria, with or without Glomerular filtration rate impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal prognosis should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is autoimmune diseases.