Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis overview: Difference between revisions
Aditya Ganti (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Nazia Fuad (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
{{CMG}}{{APM}} {{AE}} {{OO}} | {{CMG}}{{APM}} {{AE}} {{OO}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis''' or MPGN, also called [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis]] is a type of [[glomerulonephritis]] caused by [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] depositing in the [[kidney]] [[glomerular]] [[mesangium]] and [[basement membrane]] ([[GBM]]), these [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] activate [[complement system|complement]] resulting in damaging the [[Glomerulus|glomeruli]]. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the [[microscope]]. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon [[inflammatory]] [[glomerulopathy]] that can cause chronic [[nephritis]]. Based on the [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerular|glomerular i]]<nowiki/>njury it has been described as a [[chronic kidney disease]] found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] injury characterized by [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis|mesangial]] [[proliferation]] and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] mesangium or on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with [[hematuria]], varying degrees of [[proteinuria]], with or without [[Glomerular filtration rate]] impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal [[prognosis]] should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is [[autoimmune diseases]]. | '''Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis''' or MPGN, also called [[mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis]] is a type of [[glomerulonephritis]] caused by [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] depositing in the [[kidney]] [[glomerular]] [[mesangium]] and [[basement membrane]] ([[GBM]]), these [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] activate [[complement system|complement]] resulting in damaging the [[Glomerulus|glomeruli]]. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the [[microscope]]. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon [[inflammatory]] [[glomerulopathy]] that can cause chronic [[nephritis]]. Based on the [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerular|glomerular i]]<nowiki/>njury it has been described as a [[chronic kidney disease]] found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] injury characterized by [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis|mesangial]] [[proliferation]] and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of [[Immune complex|immune complexes]] on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] mesangium or on the [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of [[histological]] pattern of [[Glomerulus|glomerular]] damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with [[hematuria]], varying degrees of [[proteinuria]], with or without [[Glomerular filtration rate]] impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal [[prognosis]] should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is [[autoimmune diseases]]. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Classification of MPGN based on immunofluorescence [[microscopy]] is a result of all advances in the understanding of the [[pathogenesis]] of the disease. Based on this advanced techniques, there are three types of MPGN <ref name="pmid20185597">{{cite journal| author=Sethi S, Zand L, Leung N, Smith RJ, Jevremonic D, Herrmann SS et al.| title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to monoclonal gammopathy. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2010 | volume= 5 | issue= 5 | pages= 770-82 | pmid=20185597 | doi=10.2215/CJN.06760909 | pmc=2863981 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20185597 }}</ref>:Immune-complex-mediated MPGN (Type I) ,[[Complement (biology)|Complement]]-mediated MPGN (Type II), Non-Ig/complement-mediated MPGN (Type III) | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 30: | ||
== | ==Diag [[Category: (name of the system)]] [[Category:Disease]] [[Category:Nephrology]] nosis== | ||
===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== | ===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Revision as of 19:21, 27 July 2018
| https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uriIHhO5kVQ%7C350}} |
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis overview |
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis overview in the news |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or MPGN, also called mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis is a type of glomerulonephritis caused by immune complexes depositing in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane (GBM), these immune complexes activate complement resulting in damaging the glomeruli. The GBM is rebuilt ontop of the deposits, and shows "tram-tracking" appearance under the microscope. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon inflammatory glomerulopathy that can cause chronic nephritis. Based on the histological pattern of glomerular injury it has been described as a chronic kidney disease found mostly in children and young adults. Like many forms of glomerulopathies, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (glomerulopathy) has been a diagnosis of tissue pathology rather the diagnosis of a specific disease entity. Therefore, the term membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) relates to a pattern of glomerular injury characterized by mesangial proliferation and expansion, lobularization of the glomerular tufts and double contours which can be caused by many disease states. Glomerular injury occurs due to deposition of immune complexes on the glomerular mesangium or on the glomerular basement membrane. MPGN has been categorized into 3 types based on the basis of histological pattern of glomerular damage. Clinically, MPGN often present with hematuria, varying degrees of proteinuria, with or without Glomerular filtration rate impairment depending on the severity of glomerular injury, and the underlying etiology. The treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) needs to address the underlying cause of the MPGN, eg, infection. The factors that predict renal prognosis should be assessed, and finally immunosuppressive drugs can be used when the underlying cause is autoimmune diseases.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Classification of MPGN based on immunofluorescence microscopy is a result of all advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Based on this advanced techniques, there are three types of MPGN [1]:Immune-complex-mediated MPGN (Type I) ,Complement-mediated MPGN (Type II), Non-Ig/complement-mediated MPGN (Type III)
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diag nosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
- ↑ Sethi S, Zand L, Leung N, Smith RJ, Jevremonic D, Herrmann SS; et al. (2010). "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to monoclonal gammopathy". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 5 (5): 770–82. doi:10.2215/CJN.06760909. PMC 2863981. PMID 20185597.