Disseminated intravascular coagulation laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Laboratory findings== | ==Laboratory findings== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [[DIC]] include: | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [[DIC]] include:<ref name="pmid25535423">{{cite journal |vauthors=Venugopal A |title=Disseminated intravascular coagulation |journal=Indian J Anaesth |volume=58 |issue=5 |pages=603–8 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25535423 |pmc=4260307 |doi=10.4103/0019-5049.144666 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Full blood count: === | === Full blood count: === | ||
* Decreased [[platelet|platelets]] | * Decreased [[platelet|platelets]] | ||
* [[fibrin degradation product]]s or [[D-dimer]] tests (markers of [[fibrinolysis]]) | * [[fibrin degradation product]]s or [[D-dimer]] tests (markers of [[fibrinolysis]])<ref name="pmid5573083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meriwether WD, Thompson JN |title=Laboratory diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) using simple laboratory tests |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=621–3 |date=May 1971 |pmid=5573083 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[bleeding time]] and [[fibrinogen]] levels. | * [[bleeding time]] and [[fibrinogen]] levels. | ||
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=== Clotting factors === | === Clotting factors === | ||
* [[prothrombin|Normal prothrombin]] time and [[partial thromboplastin time]] in up to 50% of patients (due to higher circulating levels of clotting factors such as [[factor Xa]] and [[thrombin]]) | * [[prothrombin|Normal prothrombin]] time and [[partial thromboplastin time]] in up to 50% of patients (due to higher circulating levels of clotting factors such as [[factor Xa]] and [[thrombin]])<ref name="pmid20614398">{{cite journal |vauthors=Favaloro EJ |title=Laboratory testing in disseminated intravascular coagulation |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=458–67 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20614398 |doi=10.1055/s-0030-1254055 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Elevated [[fibrin]] and [[fibrinogen]] degradation products | * Elevated [[fibrin]] and [[fibrinogen]] degradation products | ||
* [[D-dimer]] more sensitive and specific for DIC.] | * [[D-dimer]] more sensitive and specific for DIC.]<ref name="pmid20950905">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levi M, Meijers JC |title=DIC: which laboratory tests are most useful |journal=Blood Rev. |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=33–7 |date=January 2011 |pmid=20950905 |doi=10.1016/j.blre.2010.09.002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Antithrombin]] levels have become a key test for diagnosing and monitoring therapy in [[DIC]]. | * [[Antithrombin]] levels have become a key test for diagnosing and monitoring therapy in [[DIC]]. | ||
* Reduced [[Antithrombin]] levels. | * Reduced [[Antithrombin]] levels. | ||
Revision as of 17:11, 19 September 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Laboratory findings
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of DIC include:[1]
Full blood count:
- Decreased platelets
- fibrin degradation products or D-dimer tests (markers of fibrinolysis)[2]
- bleeding time and fibrinogen levels.
Peripheral smear
- Schistocytes and RBC fragments in ~ 50%
- Mild reticulocytosis
- Leukocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia with an increased population of young platelets (due to increased destruction and turnover)
Clotting factors
- Normal prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time in up to 50% of patients (due to higher circulating levels of clotting factors such as factor Xa and thrombin)[3]
- Elevated fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products
- D-dimer more sensitive and specific for DIC.][4]
- Antithrombin levels have become a key test for diagnosing and monitoring therapy in DIC.
- Reduced Antithrombin levels.
References
- ↑ Venugopal A (September 2014). "Disseminated intravascular coagulation". Indian J Anaesth. 58 (5): 603–8. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.144666. PMC 4260307. PMID 25535423.
- ↑ Meriwether WD, Thompson JN (May 1971). "Laboratory diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) using simple laboratory tests". South. Med. J. 64 (5): 621–3. PMID 5573083.
- ↑ Favaloro EJ (June 2010). "Laboratory testing in disseminated intravascular coagulation". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 36 (4): 458–67. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1254055. PMID 20614398.
- ↑ Levi M, Meijers JC (January 2011). "DIC: which laboratory tests are most useful". Blood Rev. 25 (1): 33–7. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.09.002. PMID 20950905.