Myasthenia gravis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in | The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in 1664n [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name]. His [[symptoms]] included [[fatigue]], heavy [[Eyelid|eyelids]] and weak [[muscle tone]]. In the late 1800s the name Myasthenia gravis was created and the classic [[symptoms]] of the disease were described. The [[autoimmune]] nature of this disease was first described by Simpson and Nastuck in 1959-1960. The first important step in treatment of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]] occurred in 1934 by Marry Walker. She observed that the [[symptoms]] of patients with myasthenia gravis in similar to those with [[curare]] [[Poison|poisoning]] so their [[symptoms]] can improve by a [[cholinesterase inhibitor]] like [[physostigmine]]. In 1937 Blalock described an improvement in his patient after removal of the [[thymus]] and established [[thymectomy]] as one of the treatment options of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]]. In 1970s the use of [[immunosuppressants]], [[azathioprine]] and [[plasma]] exchange became more prevalent. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
=== Discovery === | === Discovery === | ||
* The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in 1664. His [[symptoms]] included [[fatigue]], heavy [[Eyelid|eyelids]] and weak [[muscle tone]].<ref name="pmid3277598">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marsteller HB |title=The first American case of myasthenia gravis |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=185–7 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3277598 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in 1664. His [[symptoms]] included [[fatigue]], heavy [[Eyelid|eyelids]] and weak [[muscle tone]].<ref name="pmid3277598">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marsteller HB |title=The first American case of myasthenia gravis |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=185–7 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3277598 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The other case of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]] was described by an English doctor [[Thomas Willis]]. His patient had [[weakness]] and [[fatigue]] of [[muscles]] and [[eyelids]].<ref name="pmid8041339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pascuzzi RM |title=The history of myasthenia gravis |journal=Neurol Clin |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=231–42 |date=May 1994 |pmid=8041339 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The other case of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]] was described by an English doctor [[Thomas Willis]]. His patient had [[weakness]] and [[fatigue]] of [[muscles]] and [[eyelids]].<ref name="pmid8041339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pascuzzi RM |title=The history of myasthenia gravis |journal=Neurol Clin |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=231–42 |date=May 1994 |pmid=8041339 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In the late 1800s the name Myasthenia gravis was created and the classic [[symptoms]] of the disease were described.<ref name="pmid8041339" /><ref name="pmid12115943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keesey JC |title="Crisis" in myasthenia gravis: an historical perspective |journal=Muscle Nerve |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–3 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12115943 |doi=10.1002/mus.10095 |url=}}</ref> | * In the late 1800s the name Myasthenia gravis was created and the classic [[symptoms]] of the disease were described.<ref name="pmid8041339" /><ref name="pmid12115943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keesey JC |title="Crisis" in myasthenia gravis: an historical perspective |journal=Muscle Nerve |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–3 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12115943 |doi=10.1002/mus.10095 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The [[autoimmune]] nature of this disease was first described by Simpson and Nastuck in 1959-1960.<ref name="pmid13626994">{{cite journal |vauthors=NASTUK WL, STRAUSS AJ, OSSERMAN KE |title=Search for a neuromuscular blocking agent in the blood of patients with myasthenia gravis |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=394–409 |date=March 1959 |pmid=13626994 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The [[autoimmune]] nature of this disease was first described by Simpson and Nastuck in 1959-1960.<ref name="pmid13626994">{{cite journal |vauthors=NASTUK WL, STRAUSS AJ, OSSERMAN KE |title=Search for a neuromuscular blocking agent in the blood of patients with myasthenia gravis |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=394–409 |date=March 1959 |pmid=13626994 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | == Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | ||
* The first important step in treatment of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]] occurred in 1934 by Marry Walker. She observed that the [[symptoms]] of patients with myasthenia gravis in similar to those with [[curare]] [[Poison|poisoning]] so their [[symptoms]] can improve by a [[cholinesterase inhibitor]] like [[physostigmine]].<ref name="pmid19990268">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker MB |title=Case showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=759–61 |date=April 1935 |pmid=19990268 |pmc=2205570 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The first important step in treatment of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]] occurred in 1934 by Marry Walker. She observed that the [[symptoms]] of patients with myasthenia gravis in similar to those with [[curare]] [[Poison|poisoning]] so their [[symptoms]] can improve by a [[cholinesterase inhibitor]] like [[physostigmine]].<ref name="pmid19990268">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker MB |title=Case showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=759–61 |date=April 1935 |pmid=19990268 |pmc=2205570 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In 1937 Blalock described an improvement in his patient after removal of the [[thymus]] and established [[thymectomy]] as one of the treatment options of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]].<ref name="pmid8041339" /> | * In 1937 Blalock described an improvement in his patient after removal of the [[thymus]] and established [[thymectomy]] as one of the treatment options of [[Myasthenia gravis|MG]].<ref name="pmid8041339" /> | ||
* In 1970s the use of [[immunosuppressants]], [[azathioprine]] and [[plasma]] exchange became more prevalent.<ref name="pmid7400825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowland LP |title=Controversies about the treatment of myasthenia gravis |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=644–59 |date=July 1980 |pmid=7400825 |pmc=490631 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16908731">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lehmann HC, Hartung HP, Hetzel GR, Stüve O, Kieseier BC |title=Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders: part 2. Treatment of neuromuscular disorders |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=1066–71 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16908731 |doi=10.1001/archneur.63.8.1066 |url=}}</ref> | * In 1970s the use of [[immunosuppressants]], [[azathioprine]] and [[plasma]] exchange became more prevalent.<ref name="pmid7400825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowland LP |title=Controversies about the treatment of myasthenia gravis |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=644–59 |date=July 1980 |pmid=7400825 |pmc=490631 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16908731">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lehmann HC, Hartung HP, Hetzel GR, Stüve O, Kieseier BC |title=Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders: part 2. Treatment of neuromuscular disorders |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=1066–71 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16908731 |doi=10.1001/archneur.63.8.1066 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in 1664n [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name]. His symptoms included fatigue, heavy eyelids and weak muscle tone. In the late 1800s the name Myasthenia gravis was created and the classic symptoms of the disease were described. The autoimmune nature of this disease was first described by Simpson and Nastuck in 1959-1960. The first important step in treatment of MG occurred in 1934 by Marry Walker. She observed that the symptoms of patients with myasthenia gravis in similar to those with curare poisoning so their symptoms can improve by a cholinesterase inhibitor like physostigmine. In 1937 Blalock described an improvement in his patient after removal of the thymus and established thymectomy as one of the treatment options of MG. In 1970s the use of immunosuppressants, azathioprine and plasma exchange became more prevalent.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- The first possible patient with Myasthenia gravis, Openchancanough was first described by Virginian Chroniclers in 1664. His symptoms included fatigue, heavy eyelids and weak muscle tone.[1]
- The other case of MG was described by an English doctor Thomas Willis. His patient had weakness and fatigue of muscles and eyelids.[2]
- In the late 1800s the name Myasthenia gravis was created and the classic symptoms of the disease were described.[2][3]
- The autoimmune nature of this disease was first described by Simpson and Nastuck in 1959-1960.[4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The first important step in treatment of MG occurred in 1934 by Marry Walker. She observed that the symptoms of patients with myasthenia gravis in similar to those with curare poisoning so their symptoms can improve by a cholinesterase inhibitor like physostigmine.[5]
- In 1937 Blalock described an improvement in his patient after removal of the thymus and established thymectomy as one of the treatment options of MG.[2]
- In 1970s the use of immunosuppressants, azathioprine and plasma exchange became more prevalent.[6][7]
Famous Cases
The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
References
- ↑ Marsteller HB (February 1988). "The first American case of myasthenia gravis". Arch. Neurol. 45 (2): 185–7. PMID 3277598.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pascuzzi RM (May 1994). "The history of myasthenia gravis". Neurol Clin. 12 (2): 231–42. PMID 8041339.
- ↑ Keesey JC (July 2002). ""Crisis" in myasthenia gravis: an historical perspective". Muscle Nerve. 26 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1002/mus.10095. PMID 12115943.
- ↑ NASTUK WL, STRAUSS AJ, OSSERMAN KE (March 1959). "Search for a neuromuscular blocking agent in the blood of patients with myasthenia gravis". Am. J. Med. 26 (3): 394–409. PMID 13626994.
- ↑ Walker MB (April 1935). "Case showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis". Proc. R. Soc. Med. 28 (6): 759–61. PMC 2205570. PMID 19990268.
- ↑ Rowland LP (July 1980). "Controversies about the treatment of myasthenia gravis". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 43 (7): 644–59. PMC 490631. PMID 7400825.
- ↑ Lehmann HC, Hartung HP, Hetzel GR, Stüve O, Kieseier BC (August 2006). "Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders: part 2. Treatment of neuromuscular disorders". Arch. Neurol. 63 (8): 1066–71. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.8.1066. PMID 16908731.