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The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.
The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.
==Causes==
==Causes==


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* Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref>
* Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref>
* Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.<ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref>
* Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.<ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref>
* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
 
=== Common causes ===
Common causes of scoliosis include:<ref name=":0" />
* Idiopathic
 
=== Less Common Causes ===
Less Common causes of scoliosis can be divided into:<ref name="McCarthy1999" />


'''Nonstructural scoliosis'''
'''Nonstructural scoliosis'''
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*[[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
*[[Tuberculosis]] of the spine
*Unilateral bar
*Unilateral bar
*[[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]]
*[[VonRecklinghausen's Disease]]<br />


=== Genetic Causes ===
*Scoliosis may be caused by a mutations in the Mendelian gene, including:
**CHD7 gene
**PAX1 gene


===Causes by Organ System===


==Causes==
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
===Life-threatening Causes===
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
|-
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}


===Genetic Causes===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*Scoliosis is caused by a mutation in the Mendelian gene, CHD7 gene and PAX1 gene.
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>




Revision as of 19:19, 29 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.

Causes

There are three general causes of scoliosis:

  • Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.[1][2]
  • Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.[3]
  • Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.[4]

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.

Common causes

Common causes of scoliosis include:[4]

  • Idiopathic

Less Common Causes

Less Common causes of scoliosis can be divided into:[3]

Nonstructural scoliosis

Structural scoliosis

Genetic Causes

  • Scoliosis may be caused by a mutations in the Mendelian gene, including:
    • CHD7 gene
    • PAX1 gene

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

  • Cause 1
  • Cause 2
  • Cause 3
  • Cause 4
  • Cause 5
  • Cause 6
  • Cause 7
  • Cause 8
  • Cause 9
  • Cause 10


References

  1. ↑ Winter RB, Moe JH (1960,Jan 01). "Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 50 (1): 1-15. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCarthy, Richard E. (1999). "MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS". Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1. ISSN 0030-5898.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

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