Scoliosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:29, 30 November 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.

Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases

Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.^[1]^[2]

	Symptoms			Physical examination			Imaging
Diseases	Clinical manifestations						Para-clinical findings		Gold standard	Additional findings
	Symptoms			Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
	Atypical Curve	Muscle weakness	Numbness and tingling	Motor and sensory abnormalities	Abnormal reflexes	Babinski sign	X-ray (PA and Lateral view)	M.R.I.
Syringomyelia	+	+	+	+	+	+	Rib or vertebral abnormalities may be seen	Abnormality that may be causing the deformity Enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord	M.R.I.	Impaired ambulation and loss of penile erection when syrinx involves lumbosacral area
Spina bifida	+	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	Incomplete union of the posterior elements of vertebral levels	Various degrees of failure of neural tube closure Posterior sac contains meninges and/or spinal cord	M.R.I.	Swelling on the back Tuft of hair
Arnold-chiari malformation	+/-	+	+	+	+	+	None	Tethered spinal cord Tonsillar herniation	M.R.I.	Headache Absent gag reflex
Diseases	Atypical curve	Muscle weakness	Numbness and tingling	Motor and sensory abnormalities	Abnormal reflex	Babinski sign	X-ray (PA and Lateral view)	M.R.I.	Gold standard	Additional findings
Leg length discrepancy	+	-	-	-	-	-	Quantify the degree of leg-length discrepancy.	None	Orthoroentogram	Repeat standing x-rays with the patient standing on a block to account for the discrepancy demonstrates correction of the postural abnormality.

References

↑ Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP (2017). "Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider". Neuroradiol J. 30 (5): 393–404. doi:10.1177/1971400917697503. PMC 5602330. PMID 28786774.
↑ Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

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[pmid28786774-1] Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP (2017). "Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider". Neuroradiol J. 30 (5): 393–404. doi:10.1177/1971400917697503. PMC 5602330. PMID 28786774.

[2] Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Rohan}}
 ==Overview==
-Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.
+Scoliosis must be differentiated from [[syringomyelia]], [[spina bifida]], arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.
 ==Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases==
-*Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes  spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.<ref name="pmid28786774">{{cite journal| author=Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP| title=Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider. | journal=Neuroradiol J | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-404 | pmid=28786774 | doi=10.1177/1971400917697503 | pmc=5602330 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28786774  }} </ref><ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
+*Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes  spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as [[syringomyelia]], [[spina bifida]], arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.<ref name="pmid28786774">{{cite journal| author=Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP| title=Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider. | journal=Neuroradiol J | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-404 | pmid=28786774 | doi=10.1177/1971400917697503 | pmc=5602330 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28786774  }} </ref><ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
 {|
@@ Line 31: / Line 30: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |M.R.I.
 |-
-| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Syringomyelia
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Syringomyelia]]
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
@@ Line 45: / Line 44: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |M.R.I.
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
-* Impaired ambulation and loss of penile erection when syrinx involves lumbosacral area
+* Impaired ambulation and loss of penile erection when [[Syrinx (medicine)|syrinx]] involves lumbosacral area
 |-
-| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Spina bifida
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Spina bifida]]
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
@@ Line 61: / Line 60: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |M.R.I.
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
-* Swelling on the back
+* [[Swelling (medical)|Swelling]] on the back
 * Tuft of hair
 |-
@@ Line 73: / Line 72: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |None
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
-* Tethered spinal cord
+* [[Tethered spinal cord syndrome|Tethered spinal cord]]
-* Tonsillar herniation
+* [[Brain herniation|Tonsillar herniation]]
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |M.R.I.
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
-* Headache
+* [[Headache]]
-* Absent gag reflex
+* Absent [[gag reflex]]
 *
 |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
@@ Line 95: / Line 94: @@
 !Additional findings
 |-
-| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Leg length discrepancy
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Leg length discrepancy]]
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -

Scoliosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:29, 30 November 2018

Overview

Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases

References

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