Laryngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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* Direct extension into the pre-epiglottic space, lateral [[hypopharynx]], [[Glossoepiglottic folds|glossoepiglottic fold]] and the [[tongue]] base and [[lymph nodes]] | * Direct extension into the pre-epiglottic space, lateral [[hypopharynx]], [[Glossoepiglottic folds|glossoepiglottic fold]] and the [[tongue]] base and [[lymph nodes]] | ||
=== Glottic tumors === | === Glottic tumors<ref name="pmid28461858">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zainuddin N, Mohd Kornain NK |title=Glottic cancer in a non-smoking patient with laryngopharyngeal reflux |journal=Malays Fam Physician |volume=11 |issue=2-3 |pages=35–37 |date=2016 |pmid=28461858 |pmc=5408877 |doi= |url=}}</ref> === | ||
* Well differentiated | * Well differentiated | ||
* Less aggressive, they tend to grow slow | * Less aggressive, they tend to grow slow | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]
Overview
If left untreated, laryngeal cancer produces few symptoms early in the course. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the airway. Common complications of laryngeal cancer include airway obstruction, neck disfigurement, and speaking difficulties. The prognosis varies with the type and stage of laryngeal cancer. Stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma of larynx has the most unfavorable prognosis.
Natural history
The natural history of laryngeal carcinoma depends on the site:[1]
Supraglottic tumors [2][3]
- More aggressive
- Direct extension into the pre-epiglottic space, lateral hypopharynx, glossoepiglottic fold and the tongue base and lymph nodes
Glottic tumors[4]
- Well differentiated
- Less aggressive, they tend to grow slow
- Metastasize late in the disease
- Extend superiorly into the ventricular walls or inferiorly into the subglottic airway
Subglottic tumors
- Uncommon
- Extends into the mediastinum
Complications
Common complications of laryngeal cancer include:
- Airway obstruction
- Disfigurement of the neck or face
- Loss of voice and speaking difficulties
- Metastasis
- A small percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube
Prognosis
The 3-year survival rate for supraglottic carcinoma and T3 transglottic carcinoma were 91.7% and 73.2%, respectively[5] Laryngeal cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer has metastasized to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing.
5-Year Survival
References
- ↑ Ferlito A (March 1995). "The natural history of early vocal cord cancer". Acta Otolaryngol. 115 (2): 345–7. PMID 7610838.
- ↑ Ding W, Liu T, Liang J, Hu T, Cui S, Zou G, Cai W, Yang A (2017). "Supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas have distinctive clinical features and prognosis based on subregion". PLoS ONE. 12 (11): e0188322. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188322. PMC 5695779. PMID 29155864.
- ↑ Bocca E (August 1975). "Supraglottic cancer". Laryngoscope. 85 (8): 1318–26. doi:10.1288/00005537-197508000-00007. PMID 1160463.
- ↑ Zainuddin N, Mohd Kornain NK (2016). "Glottic cancer in a non-smoking patient with laryngopharyngeal reflux". Malays Fam Physician. 11 (2–3): 35–37. PMC 5408877. PMID 28461858.
- ↑ Woo JS, Baek SK, Kwon SY, Jung KY, Lee J (October 2003). "T3 supraglottic cancer: treatment results and prognostic factors". Acta Otolaryngol. 123 (8): 980–6. PMID 14606603.