Testicular cancer differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan="5" |Germ Cell | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan="5" |Germ Cell | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Seminoma<ref name="pmid26742998">{{cite journal| author=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A| title=Cancer statistics, 2016. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2016 | volume= 66 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-30 | pmid=26742998 | doi=10.3322/caac.21332 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26742998 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9930796">{{cite journal| author=Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI| title=Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1999 | volume= 172 | issue= 2 | pages= 425-8 | pmid=9930796 | doi=10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9930796 }}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Seminoma<ref name="pmid26742998">{{cite journal| author=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A| title=Cancer statistics, 2016. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2016 | volume= 66 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-30 | pmid=26742998 | doi=10.3322/caac.21332 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26742998 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9930796">{{cite journal| author=Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI| title=Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 1999 | volume= 172 | issue= 2 | pages= 425-8 | pmid=9930796 | doi=10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9930796 }}</ref> | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Malignant | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Unilateral | * Malignant | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |||
* Unilateral | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* History of cryptorchidism | * History of cryptorchidism | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Embryonal carcinoma<ref name="pmid19066212">{{cite journal| author=Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y| title=Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report. | journal=Jpn J Clin Oncol | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 2 | pages= 124-6 | pmid=19066212 | doi=10.1093/jjco/hyn141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19066212 }}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | Embryonal carcinoma<ref name="pmid19066212">{{cite journal| author=Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y| title=Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report. | journal=Jpn J Clin Oncol | year= 2009 | volume= 39 | issue= 2 | pages= 124-6 | pmid=19066212 | doi=10.1093/jjco/hyn141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19066212 }}</ref> | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Malignant | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Malignant | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Usually located in parenchyma of testis | * Usually located in parenchyma of testis | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Yolk sac tumor<ref name="pmid26612222">{{cite journal| author=Howitt BE, Berney DM| title=Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations. | journal=Surg Pathol Clin | year= 2015 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 687-716 | pmid=26612222 | doi=10.1016/j.path.2015.07.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26612222 }}</ref><ref name="pmid24921638">{{cite journal| author=Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH et al.| title="Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2014 | volume= 38 | issue= 10 | pages= 1396-409 | pmid=24921638 | doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24921638 }}</ref> | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Yolk sac tumor<ref name="pmid26612222">{{cite journal| author=Howitt BE, Berney DM| title=Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations. | journal=Surg Pathol Clin | year= 2015 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 687-716 | pmid=26612222 | doi=10.1016/j.path.2015.07.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26612222 }}</ref><ref name="pmid24921638">{{cite journal| author=Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH et al.| title="Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2014 | volume= 38 | issue= 10 | pages= 1396-409 | pmid=24921638 | doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24921638 }}</ref> | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Malignant | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Unilateral | * Malignant | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | |||
* Unilateral | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Known as a endodermal sinus tumor | * Known as a endodermal sinus tumor | ||
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* Palpable mass | * Palpable mass | ||
* Nontender mass | * Nontender mass | ||
* Unilateral | * Unilateral mass | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Elevated serum AFP | * Elevated serum AFP | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Teratoma | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Teratoma | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Benign | |||
* Malignant | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Unilateral | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |History of congenital disease such as: | |||
* [[Klinefelter's Syndrome|Klinefelter's syndrome]] | |||
* [[Down syndrome]] | |||
* [[Spina Bifida|Spina]] bifida | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* May present in both prepubertal and adult men | |||
* Benign form in children under 4 years old | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Uncommon in benign ones among prepubertal men | |||
* Common in malignant ones among postpubertal ones | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Chromosome 12p mutations | |||
Stains positively for: | |||
* Cytokeratin | |||
* HCG | |||
* AFP | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Large, heterogeneous appearance | |||
* Presence of at least 2 germ layers | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |- | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+ | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Palpable mass | |||
* Nontender mass | |||
* Unilateral mass | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Elevated serum hCG | |||
* Elevated serum AFP | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 19:33, 23 January 2019
Testicular cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Testicular cancer differential diagnosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from epididymitis, hematocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, granulomatous orchitis, and varicocele.
Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from:
Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | ||||
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Pain | Mass | Physical examination | |||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||
Germ Cell | Seminoma[1][2] |
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Stains positively for:
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Ultrasound:
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Embryonal carcinoma[3] |
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Early metastasis to:
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Stains positively for:
May stain positively for :
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+ | ± |
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Ultrasound:
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Yolk sac tumor[4][5] |
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Stains positively for:
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+ | + |
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Ultrasound:
MRI:
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Teratoma |
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History of congenital disease such as:
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Stains positively for:
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Choriocarcinoma | |||||||||||||
Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Pain | Mass | Physical exam | Lab Findings | Imaging | |
Non germ cell | Leydig cell tumor | ||||||||||||
Sertoli cell tumor | |||||||||||||
Testicular lymphoma | |||||||||||||
Carcinoma in situ of the testicle |
References
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016). "Cancer statistics, 2016". CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21332. PMID 26742998.
- ↑ Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI (1999). "Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172 (2): 425–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796. PMID 9930796.
- ↑ Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y (2009). "Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report". Jpn J Clin Oncol. 39 (2): 124–6. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn141. PMID 19066212.
- ↑ Howitt BE, Berney DM (2015). "Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations". Surg Pathol Clin. 8 (4): 687–716. doi:10.1016/j.path.2015.07.007. PMID 26612222.
- ↑ Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH; et al. (2014). ""Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin". Am J Surg Pathol. 38 (10): 1396–409. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262. PMID 24921638.